ABSTRACT
El diagnóstico de abuso sexual en menores de cinco años debe distinguir entre el discurso de los cuidadores principales no abusadores y la propia experiencia del menor. La psicología del desarrollo ha construido un cuerpo de conocimiento sólido sobre el sistema interactivo, el sistema de apego y el desarrollo del si mismo. Estos sistemas sustentan la relación con el cuidador principal necesaria para el desarrollo del niño pequeño como persona y de sus capacidades psicosociales y comunicativas. Tener en cuenta estos sistemas permite hacer esta distinción
The diagnosis of sexual abuse in children under the age of five must distinguish between the discourse of the main non-abusive caregivers and the child's own experience. Developmental psychology has built a body of solid knowledge about the interactive system, the attachment system, and the development of the self. These systems support the relationship with the primary caregiver, which is necessary for the development of the young child as a person and their psychosocial and communicative capacities. Taking these systems into account allows this distinction to be made
El diagnòstic d'abús sexual en menors de cinc anys ha de distingir entre el discurs dels cuidadors principals no abusadors I la pròpia experiència del menor. La psicologia del desenvolupament ha construït un cos de coneixement sòlid sobre el sistema interactiu, el sistema d'aferrament I el desenvolupament del si mateix. Aquests sistemes sostenen la relació amb el cuidador principal necessària per al desenvolupament del nen petit com a persona I de les seves capacitats psicosocials I comunicatives. Tenir en compte aquests sistemes permet fer aquesta distinció
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Psychology, Child , Child Development/physiology , Child Abuse, Sexual/diagnosis , Child Abuse, Sexual/mortality , Psychology, Developmental/methods , Object Attachment , Caregivers/psychology , Parents/psychology , Psychological TestsABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una validación preliminar de un instrumento diseñado para evaluar mentalización en adultos (Método para la Evaluación de la Mentalización en el Contexto Interpersonal, MEMCI). Una muestra de 97 estudiantes (72% mujeres) y una muestra de 10 pacientes (50% mujeres) participaron en el estudio. Los participantes completaron el MEMCI junto con medidas de empatía, teoría de la mente y apego. El análisis factorial sugirió una estructura de dos dimensiones (mentalización de pensamientos/mentalización de sentimientos y de otros estados mentales subyacentes a la conducta) que explicaban el 75,26% de la varianza. La consistencia interna fue alta y el acuerdo entre jueces adecuado. En cuanto a la validez, la puntuación total del instrumento correlacionó alto con las puntuaciones en función reflexiva. También correlacionó significativamente con empatía, apego y teoría de la mente. Asimismo, diferenció pacientes con trastorno límite de personalidad de la población normal (AU)
The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary validation of an instrument designed to assess mentalization in adults (Method for Evaluation of Mentalization in the Interpersonal Context, MEMIC). A sample of 97 students (72% women) and a sample of 10 patients (50% women) participated in the study. They completed the MEMIC and some other measures of empathy, theory of mind and attachment. The results of the factor analysis suggested a two-dimensional structure (mentalizing thoughts/mentalizing feelings and several other mental states that underlie behavior) that explained 75,26% of the variance. The internal consistency was high, and inter-rater reliability was adequate. Regarding validity, the total score of the instrument showed high correlations with reflective function scores, and significant correlations with empathy, attachment and theory of mind. Furthermore, it showed capacity to differentiate patients with borderline personality disorder from the general population (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Theory of Mind/physiology , Emotions/classification , Emotions/physiology , Mental Health , Object Attachment , Interpersonal Relations , Mental Processes/classification , Mental Processes/ethics , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Affective Symptoms/physiopathology , Affective Symptoms/psychology , Emotional Intelligence/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The role of chorioamnionitis in neurodevelopment of preterm infants is not fully understood. AIM: To examine the association between different indicators of intrauterine inflammation (clinical chorioamnionitis, histological chorioamnionitis and funisitis) and neurodevelopmental impairment in very preterm infants. METHODS: Preterm infants with a birth weight of <1500 g or a gestational age of <32 weeks were included. Follow-up evaluation up to 2 years of age consisted of neurological examination, neurodevelopmental assessment and visual and audiologic tests. Outcome data were compared between the chorioamnionitis and the control groups, controlling for gestational age, birth weight and Apgar score at 5 min. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-seven patients comprised the study population (mean gestational age 29±2 weeks, mean birth weight 1167±344 g). Histological chorioamnionitis was present in 49% of placentas, whereas funisitis was observed in 25%. In 57% cases clinical maternal chorioamnionitis was suspected. Follow-up was available for 130 (82%) patients. Infants with funisitis, compared with controls, had a significantly higher incidence of moderate to severe disability (18% vs 5%, OR 4.07; 95% CI 1.10-15.09). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that, unlike a broad definition of histological chorioamnionitis including inflammation of maternal or fetal placental tissues, funisitis may entail a higher risk of moderate to severe disability at 2 years of age in preterm infants.
