ABSTRACT
Fundamentos: Unos hábitos alimentarios correctos durante la infancia son de vital importancia para prevenir enfermedades futuras. El objetivo fue estudiar los hábitos alimentarios y la calidad de la dieta de escolares dentro del contexto de la unidad familiar. Métodos: La muestra incluyó 74 escolares de Granada (3-14 años). El cuestionario incluyó preguntas sobre la unidad familiar y hábitos de vida, un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria (FFQ) y dos test recordatorios de 24 horas (R24h). La calidad de la dieta fue evaluada con el índice de calidad del desayuno (BQI) e índice de adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea para niños y adolescentes (KidMed). El análisis estadístico incluyó los test Kruskal-Wallis y Chi-cuadrado, la regresión por pasos y la regresión logística. Resultados: La ingesta de macronutrientes fue desequilibrada y la mayoría de los micronutrientes superaron la recomendación. El BQI y KidMed alcanzaron valores medios de 5,17 (1,57) sobre 10 y de 5,91 (1,83) sobre 12, respectivamente. Los factores que influyeron en la calidad del desayuno fueron: edad de las madres (OR=0,71, IC95%:0,50-0,94), consumo de golosinas (OR=5,40, IC95%:2,30-8,67) y práctica de actividad física extraescolar (OR=3,21; IC95%:1,02-5,81). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de mejorar el patrón alimentario entre los escolares, a través de programas de educación nutricional en centros educativos y sanitarios (AU)
Background: Correct dietary habits during childhood are of vital importance to prevent future diseases. This study analyzed the dietary habits and diet quality of schoolchildren in the context of the family unit. Methods: The sample included 74 schoolchildren aged 3 to 14 yrs from Granada (Southern Spain). The questionnaire included questions on the family unit and life habits, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and two questionnaires of 24-h recalls (R24h). Diet quality was evaluated using the Breakfast Quality Index (BQI) and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KidMed). The statistical analyses used were Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests, and stepwise and logistic regression analyses. Results: Macronutrient intake was imbalanced, and most micronutrients exceeded recommendations. The mean (standard deviation) BQI value was 5.17/10 (1.57) and the mean KidMed value was 5.91/12 (1.83). Breakfast quality was influenced by maternal age (OR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.50-0.94), sweet consumption (OR=5.40, 95%CI: 2.30-8.67) and out-of-school physical activity (OR=3.21, 95%CI: 1.02-5.81). Conclusions: These results demonstrate the need to improve dietary patterns among schoolchildren by implementing nutritional education programs in schools and health centres (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Diet , Diet, Mediterranean , Preventive Medicine/methods , Child Development/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Life Style , Motor Activity/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Body Mass Index , Logistic ModelsABSTRACT
An appropriate eating pattern is essential during childbearing years and pregnancy to ensure a healthy pregnancy and newborn. Our group developed a Mediterranean Diet Score for Pregnancy (MDS-P) based on the MD and the specific need of pregnant women for Fe, Ca, and folic acid. Humans are daily exposed to endocrine disruptors, which may alter body weight and hormone system regulation. This study analyzed the relationship of maternal diet and in utero exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with newborn weight in mothers and newborns from Southern Spain. Higher MDS-P score, folic acid supplementation, and greater in utero exposure to endosulfan-diol and endosulfan-1 were related to higher newborn weight. MDS-P score was not associated with maternal weight gain during pregnancy (above or below 12 Kg). Residues from one or more OCPs were detected in 96.5% of umbilical cord serum samples from 320 newborns. The most frequent residues were endosulfans (96.5%). The presence of endosulfan-diol, endosulfan-I, p-p´DDT, folic acid supplementation, and a higher MDS-P (>8) were predictive factors for newborn overweight (>3500 g). Conversely, smoking during pregnancy, shorter gestation time (32-36 vs. 37-39 weeks), and lesser maternal weight gain during pregnancy predicted lower newborn weight (<2500 g). These results indicate prenatal exposure to OCPs in Southern Spain and its possible impact on the weight of healthy full-term newborns. Further studies are warranted to interpret the consequences of this exposure and identify preventive measures. Adherence to the MD and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy emerged as predictive factors for overweight in newborns.
