[Streptococcus pneumoniae: antibiotic resistance and serotypes in a two-year period]. / Streptococcus pneumoniae: resistencia antibiótica y serotipos en un periodo de dos años.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main etiologic agent in community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis in adults and acute medium otitis in children. Our aim was to study antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in our medium. We evaluated 83 strains in a period of two years: 41% of the strains were invasive, and 47% of the strains were resistant to penicillin, 42.1% to erythromycin, 16.8% to cefotaxime, 34.9% to tetracycline and 16.8% to chloranphenicol. All studied strains were susceptible to vancomycin. We found 28 different serotypes. The most frequently found serotypes were 19, 6, 9, 23, 3, 15, and NT. The S. pneumoniae strains which showed the highest penicillin resistance belong to serotype 19. Multiresistant strains belong to serotypes 19, 6, 23 and NT.

[Microorganisms isolated from outpatient urine samples and antimicrobial susceptibility over a 12-year period]. / Microorganismos aislados de muestras de orina procedentes de la comunidad y patron de sensibilidad en un periodo de 12 anos.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of microorganisms isolated from urine samples from outpatients and the resistance of the pathogens isolated to antimicrobial agents used in the province of Cordoba, Spain, which has a Health Area of approximately 776,000 inhabitants. It was a retrospective descriptive study covering a 12-year period (1992-2003). All samples were sent from primary care to the microbiology laboratory. The laboratory techniques and criteria for evaluation were the same in all cases. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated of the Gram-negative bacteria (64%), while Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated of the Gram-positive bacteria (6.9%). A decrease in susceptibility of the isolates to the most empirically used antimicrobial drugs was observed.

Streptococcus pneumoniae: resistencia antibiótica y serotipos en un periodo de dos años / Streptococcus pneumoniae: Antibiotic resistance and serotypes in a two-year period

Streptococcus pneumoniae es el principal agente etiológico en la neumonía extrahospitalaria, la meningitis en adultos y la otitis media agudaen los niños. Nuestro objetivo ha sido determinar la resistencia antibiótica y los serotipos de las cepas de S. pneumoniae aisladas en nuestromedio. Se evaluaron un total de 83 cepas en un periodo de dos años. El 41% correspondieron a muestras procedentes de infeccionesinvasoras. El 47% de las cepas fueron resistentes a la penicilina, el 42,1% a la eritromicina, el 16,8% a la cefotaxima, el 34,9% a la tetraciclinay el 16,8% al cloranfenicol. Todas las cepas estudiadas fueron sensibles a la vancomicina. Se encontraron 28 serotipos diferentes. Losserotipos 19, 6, 9, 23, 3, 15 y NT fueron los más frecuentes. Las cepas de S. pneumoniae que presentan mayor porcentaje de resistencia ala penicilina pertenecen al serotipo 19. Las cepas multirresistentes pertenecen a los serotipos 19, 6, 23 y NT

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main etiologic agent in community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis in adults and acute medium otitis inchildren. Our aim was to study antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in our medium. Weevaluated 83 strains in a period of two years: 41% of the strains were invasive, and 47% of the strains were resistant to penicillin, 42.1% toerythromycin, 16.8% to cefotaxime, 34.9% to tetracycline and 16.8% to chloranphenicol. All studied strains were susceptible to vancomycin.We found 28 different serotypes. The most frequently found serotypes were 19, 6, 9, 23, 3, 15, and NT. The S. pneumoniae strains whichshowed the highest penicillin resistance belong to serotype 19. Multiresistant strains belong to serotypes 19, 6, 23 and NT

Microorganismos aislados de muestras de orina procedentes de la comunidad y patrón de sensibilidad en un periodo de 12 años / Microorganisms isolated from outpatient urine samples and antimicrobial susceptibility over a 12-year period

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de los microorganismos aislados de muestras de orina procedentes de la comunidaden la provincia de Córdoba (un área sanitaria de 776.000 habitantes aproximadamente), y además determinar las tasas de resistencia a losdiferentes antimicrobianos empleados en Atención Primaria. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que abarca un periodo de 12años (1992-2003). Todas las muestras fueron remitidas desde los Centros de Salud al Laboratorio de Microbiología del Hospital UniversitarioReina Sofía. Todos los procedimientos analíticos se realizaron siguiendo el proceder habitual del laboratorio. Escherichia coli fue el microorganismoque se aisló con mayor frecuencia entre los gramnegativos, con una media en los doce años del 64%, y Enterococcus faecalis fueel que se aisló con mayor frecuencia entre los grampositivos, con una media del 6,9% del total de microorganismos. Observamos una disminuciónen la sensibilidad de los aislamientos a los antimicrobianos de mayor uso empírico

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of microorganisms isolated from urine samples from outpatients and the resistance of thepathogens isolated to antimicrobial agents used in the province of Córdoba, Spain, which has a Health Area of approximately 776,000 inhabitants.It was a retrospective descriptive study covering a 12-year period (1992-2003). All samples were sent from primary care to themicrobiology laboratory. The laboratory techniques and criteria for evaluation were the same in all cases. Escherichia coli was the most frequentlyisolated of the Gram-negative bacteria (64%), while Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated of the Gram-positivebacteria (6.9%). A decrease in susceptibility of the isolates to the most empirically used antimicrobial drugs was observed