ABSTRACT
Cervical cancer ranks fourth in incidence among women worldwide. Cisplatin is currently the first-line drug of treatment for cervical cancer; however, it causes serious adverse effects. Therefore, it is crucial to explore natural products for cervical cancer treatment. Prosopis laevigata is a medicinal plant frequently used for ophthalmological and gastrointestinal infections. In this study, we used the MTT cell viability assay to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of a wood extract from Prosopis laevigata (Extract T7) in SiHa, HeLa, Ca Ski, and C-33 A cancer cell lines. Phosphatidylserine translocation and cell cycle evaluations were performed to determine the mechanism of cellular death. The extract's safety was evaluated using the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium strains, in vivo acute toxicity assay, and repeated dose toxicity assay in mice. We also identified phenolic compounds of Extract T7 through liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Naringin, catechin, and eriodictyol demonstrated a higher concentration in Extract T7. Additionally, Extract T7 exhibited a cytotoxic effect against cervical cancer cells, where C-33 A was the most sensitive (IC50= 22.58 ± 1.10 µg/mL and 14.26 ± 1.11 µg/mL at 24 h and 48 h respectively). Extract T7 induced death by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase in C-33 A. Extract T7 was not mutagenic. No toxicological effects were observed during acute toxicity and repeated dose toxicity for 28 days. Therefore, further evaluations of Extract T7 should be conducted to identify the complete mechanism of action for potential anti-tumoral activity and safety before conducting studies in animal models.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Prosopis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Humans , Female , Animals , Mice , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Wood , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , HeLa Cells , Apoptosis , Cell Line, TumorABSTRACT
Lippia graveolens HBK (Verbenaceae) is an aromatic herb of economic importance in Mexico, known as oregano. The leaves are used as condiments, and people use this species for respiratory and digestive disorders. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extracts obtained from free-oil leaves (L9) and stem (S15), against lung cancer cell line SK-LU-1, through tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay. Extracts concentrations of 0.3 to 300 µg/mL were used and HFF-1 as normal control cells. Both L9 and S15 extracts, showed cytotoxic effect, although stem was stronger than leaves and without damage to normal cell control. The phenolic compounds caffeic acid and acacetin werein higher concentration in L9, whereas naringenin, taxifolin, eriodictyol, luteolin, and apigenin had higher concentrations in S15. The ethanolic extracts of L. graveolens have excellent cytotoxic activity, and have a wide possibility of use in lung cancer treatment.
Lippia graveolens HBK. (Verbenaceae) es una hierba aromática de importancia económica en México, conocida como orégano. Las hojas se usan como condimento y en medicina tradicional se utiliza para aliviar malestares respiratorios y digestivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto citotóxico de extractos etanólicos obtenidos de hojas sin aceite (L9) y tallo (S15), sobre la línea celular de cáncer de pulmón SK-LU-1, mediante el ensayo de la sal de tetrazolium (MTT). Los extractos se aplicaron a concentraciones de 0,3 a 300 µg/mL y se utilizaron células HFF-1 como control normal. Tanto los extractos L9 como S15 mostraron efecto citotóxico, aunque el efecto del tallo fue mayor al de las hojas y sin daño al control celular normal. Los compuestos fenólicos ácido cafeico y acacetina se encontraron en mayor concentración en L9, mientras que naringenina, taxifolina, eriodictyol, luteolina y apigenina tuvieron mayor concentración en S15. Los extractos etanólicos de L. graveolens tienen una excelente actividad citotóxica, con amplia posibilidad de utilizar en el tratamiento de cáncer de pulmón.
Subject(s)
Lippia/toxicity , Lippia/chemistry , Ethanol/toxicity , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Plant Stems/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Ethanol/chemistryABSTRACT
The study of medicinal plants for cancer treatment has gained attention due to an increasing incidence of cancer worldwide and antineoplastics-related undesirable secondary effects. Most of the natural products of medicinal plants that have been evaluated for cytotoxic activity, are derived from leaves, bark, roots and flowers. However, natural products derived from wood have demonstrated a cytotoxic effect with promising results. Moreover, some fractions and compounds have been isolated of wood in order to increase the effect. This review presents in vitro experimental evidence of cytotoxic effect of natural products from wood against cancer cell lines. It also provides considerations and recommendations to obtain herbal medicines over time.
