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1.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 23(7): 6390-9, 2016 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26620863

ABSTRACT

Raman spectroscopy differentiation of carotenoids has traditionally been based on the ν 1 position (C = C stretching vibrations in the polyene chain) in the 1500-1600 cm(-1) range, using a 785 nm excitation laser. However, when the number of conjugated double bonds is similar, as in the cases of zeaxanthin and ß-carotene, this distinction is still ambiguous due to the closeness of the Raman bands. This work shows the Raman results, obtained in resonance conditions using a 514 mm laser, on Lecanora campestris and Lecanora atra species, which can be used to differentiate and consequently characterize carotenoids. The presence of the carotenoid found in Lecanoraceae lichens has been demonstrated to depend on the atmospheric pollution level of the environment they inhabit. Astaxanthin, a superb antioxidant, appears as the principal xanthophyll in highly polluted sites, usually together with the UV screening pigment scytonemin; zeaxanthin is the major carotenoid in medium polluted environments, while ß-carotene is the major carotenoid in cleaner environments. Based on these observations, an indirect classification of the stress suffered in a given environment can be assessed by simply analysing the carotenoid content in the Lecanoraceae lichens by using resonance Raman imaging.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/analysis , Carotenoids/metabolism , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Lichens/metabolism , Air Pollutants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/metabolism , Lichens/drug effects , Spain , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , Xanthophylls/metabolism
2.
J Hazard Mater ; 248-249: 451-60, 2013 Mar 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23416873

ABSTRACT

In the present work the pollutant content of diverse building materials was evaluated by the combination of spectrometric and chromatographic techniques. A first non-destructive analysis carried out by µ-XRF and Raman spectroscopy revealed a high impact of pollutants, which reached depths higher than 6mm. The quantitative analyses pointed out that black crust as accumulation nucleus where concentration values up to 3408 mg/kg of lead, 752 mg/kg of chromium or 220 mg/kg of arsenic, high amounts of diverse sulphates and nitrates as well as substantial amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of a clear pyrolytic source were determined. On the other hand, samples without black crust showed also a surprising soluble salt content up to 5%. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were found to be absent in all material types. The chemometric analysis of the quantitative results revealed that the accumulation capacity and the subsequent pollutant content depends on the type of construction materials, being mortars the most susceptible.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/analysis , Construction Materials/analysis , Arsenic/analysis , Environmental Monitoring , Metals/analysis , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis , Salts/analysis , Spain
3.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 11(41): 49-63, ene.-mar. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-73105

ABSTRACT

Se realizó una intervención en el ámbito escolar para administrar consejo breve antitabacoa escolares de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) en Zaragoza durante los cursos2006-2007 y 2007-2008. Los objetivos del estudio fueron medir la efectividad del consejobreve apoyado por material escrito y estudiar la progresión del tabaquismo. El estudióincluyó una encuesta autoadministrada y una coximetría, así como una reevaluación un añodespués.Se estudiaron 15 centros escolares, 8 del grupo intervención y 7 de control. Se administróconsejo apoyado con un folleto frente al control en el que no se utilizaba el folleto. Laasignación a los grupos no fue aleatoria.Se evaluaron 1.720 estudiantes entre los dos cursos 2006-07 y 2007-08 de los cuales51,95% fueron hombres y 48,5% mujeres. La edad media fue 14,6 años (desviación estándar[DE] = 1,36) y fueron fumadores el 19,7%. Entre las mujeres fueron fumadoras el24,7% frente al 18,3% de los hombres (p < 0,0001). No hubo diferencias significativas parael tabaquismo según grupo de intervención o control. La progresión del tabaquismo crecióun 8,8% en el grupo intervención frente a un 12% en el de control entre 2.º y 3.º. Las diferenciasfueron 3% para el grupo intervención frente al 1,1% en el de control entre 3.º y 4.º,no siendo estas diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: el porcentaje de fumadores en escolares de ESO es del 19,7%. La escaladade consumo se produce entre 2.º y 3.º. No se demostró una mayor efectividad del consejobreve mediante el uso de un folleto(AU)


Authors report a community school study about smoking adolescent behaviour, 8º, 9º,and 10 º year in Zaragoza (Spain). The study was implemented in the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 courses respectively. The study’s objectives were to asses the effectiveness of smokingcounselling with the aid of a specifically designed leaflet. The study also included an evaluationof expired CO. The authors surveyed on smoking behaviour as well as on personaldetails of the students.The study includes 8 intervention schools and 7 control schools. Allocation wasn’t randomizeddue to logistic reasons. The interventional group received advice against smokingby means of spoken counsel from a professional supported by a leaflet. The control grouponly received the spoken counsel. The expired CO was assessed in each group. The counselwas repeated in each group one year later to the same students.In all 1,720 students were assessed: 51.95% men and 48.5% women. The median ageof the students was 14.6 years SD: 1.36. The authors found that 19.7% of the students weresmokers. The distribution of smokers by sex was 24.7% of women versus 15.3% of men X2= 24.1 p < 0.0001. Smoking behaviour between interventional or control group wasn’t statisticallydifferent.Conclusions: There wasn’t any evidence of effectiveness in using a leaflet added to thespoken counsel. Prevalence of smoking was very high: 19.7% among adolescents of Zaragoza.The study shows a increase of smoking between 8º and 10º(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Smoking/prevention & control , School Health Services , Nicotiana/adverse effects , Nicotiana , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control , Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control , Smoking/epidemiology , School Dentistry , School Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Survey
4.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 9(36): 577-587, oct.-dic. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64228

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analizar el consumo de tabaco en adolescentes de Zaragoza de 2.º y 3.º de laEducación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO).Material y métodos: población diana: adolescentes de 2.° y 3.° de ESO. Ámbito: centros escolares.Consejo impartido de forma grupal por profesionales de Atención Primaria: pediatras ymédicos de familia. Marco: 14 centros escolares de la ciudad de Zaragoza. Participación voluntariay de asignación no aleatoria de los Centros. Muestra: 881 adolescentes. Actividad en elGrupo Intervención: consejo grupal apoyado con material escrito específico; folleto encuesta decinco preguntas y coximetría. Reevaluación: encuesta y coximetría un año después a los mismoscentros y en los cursos 3.° y 4.° de ESO.Resultados principales: se objetivó un porcentaje de fumadores de un 18,8% en el totalde la muestra (IC 95% 16,3%-21,6%). La media de edad de los fumadores es de 14,8 años yla de los no fumadores de 14,2 años. El consumo de las mujeres es mucho mayor que el delos hombres, 24,6% frente al 14%. El ascenso en las cifras de consumo es mayor en las mujeres,alcanzando porcentajes de un 40% a los 16 años. Un 34% de los 166 fumadores piensanno fumar el próximo año. Los centros públicos tienen unas cifras de consumo superior al delos concertados y al de los privados (13,6% tanto para centros privados como concertados, y 22,9% para los públicos), siendo estas diferencias significativas (X2=11,5; p=0,003). Sin embargo,si analizamos el caso de las mujeres de 3.° de ESO vemos que estas diferencias sonmenores y no alcanzan significación estadística. El patrón de consumo en fin de semana esmás acentuado para los hombres que para las mujeres. Cuando las lecturas de monóxido decarbono superan los valores de 5 partes por millón (ppm) la probabilidad de ser fumador esde alrededor del 80%


Objective: to evaluate the adolescent smoking habit in a whole group at school by primary health care practitioners.Target population: students of 2nd and 3rd level of High Education (Obligatory SecondaryEducation). Scenary: 14 High Schools in Zaragoza city. The recruitment was not randomisedand students have participated voluntarily. Professionals: General Pactitioners and Pediatricians.Sample: 881 students. Activities: groupal antismoking advice, leaflet, five questions inquiryand coximetry. Reevaluation: one year later inquiry and coximetry.Main results: the authors report 18.80% (CI 95% 16.3%-21.6%) of smokers in all thesample. Women smoke more than men 24.60% versus 14%. Smoking is a crescent phenomenonin young women 40% at sixteen years of age. 34% of smokers do not have the intention ofsmoking next year. Students in Public High Schools smoke more than students in Private andConcerted High Schools, 22.90% versus 13.70% (X2=11.5; p=0.003). Otherwise women behavein a similar way in both kinds of schools. Smoker students are 14.8 years old and no smokerstudents are 14.2 years old. The patern of consume of men is mainly at weekends. When coximetryis more than 5 ppm, the probability of being a smoker is 80%


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Adolescent Behavior , Carbon Monoxide/analysis , Psychotherapy/methods , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution
5.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 22(3): 151-156, jul.-sept. 2002. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-142768

ABSTRACT

Presentamos nuestra experiencia el Análisis Acústico de Voz (AAV) en la rehabilitación de los pacientes disfónicos. Se estudian 225 pacientes con disfonía por lesiones orgánicas no oncológicas. La mayoría de ellos (25 %) presentaban nódulos. A todos los pacientes se les realizó un estudio ORL y AAV al comienzo y al final del tratamiento rehabilitador. El AAV se realizó con el software Dr. Speech Sciences. Se estudiaron los parámetros acústicos Jitter, Shimmer, relación armónico ruido (HNR) y el ruido glótico (NNE). Se observa como la mejoría de estos parámetros objetivamente reflejan la evolución favorable de la voz de los pacientes después del tratamiento rehabilitador. Hemos observado diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la mayoría de estos índices y para las principales causas de la disfonía. Concluimos señalando la importancia del Análisis Acústico de la Voz como técnica complementaria de utilidad en el tratamiento rehabilitador logopédico de los pacientes disfonicos (AU)


We present our experience with acoustic voice analysis (AVA) in the rehabilitation treatment of disphonic patients. 225 disphonic patients with several non-oncologyc diseases are studied. Most of them (52 %) have nodules. An ORL and AVC study was made to everyone at the begining and the end of rehabilitation treatment. Acoustic analysis was performed with Dr. Speach Science software. Jitter, Shimmer, harmonic-to-noise ratio (NHR) and normalized noise energy (NNE) were estimated. The improvement of these acoustic voice parameters, objetively reflects the improvement of patient’s voice afther the rehabilitation therapy. There are statistically significant differences in most of these parameters in the principals disphonic etiologies. We higlight the importance of acoustic voice analysis as a complementary technique in the rehabilitation treatment of disphonic patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Dysphonia/rehabilitation , Speech Disorders/rehabilitation , Voice Training , Speech Acoustics , Dysphonia/etiology , Age and Sex Distribution , Treatment Outcome
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