ABSTRACT
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Liver disease orchestrated by noxious chemicals are serious health problems the world over. Traditionally, there are claims that ethanol extracts of leaves and stem barks of <i>Olax subscorpioidea</i> are used in the treatment of hepatic disorders. Thus, it investigated the impacts of ethanol extract of leaves and stem bark of <i>Olax subscorpioidea</i> against carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>)-induced liver damage in rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Liver toxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt., of CCl<sub>4</sub> in experimental rats. Rats were treated with 200, 400 and 800 mg kg<sup>1</sup> dose ethanol leaves and stem bark of <i>Olax subscorpioidea</i>, respectively after induction of liver damage. <b>Results:</b> Obtained results showed a significant rise in the serum levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and bilirubin as well as decreased Albumin (ALB), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), reduced Glutathione (GSH) in CCl<sub>4</sub>-challenged rats. Treatment with the extracts attenuated serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, MDA and bilirubin in addition to increased activities of SOD, CAT and the levels of ALB and GSH when compared to the CCl<sub>4</sub> group. Histopathological studies demonstrated that the extracts ameliorated liver necrosis and inflammation due to CCl<sub>4</sub> insult. <b>Conclusion:</b> These results concluded that ethanol extract of leaves and stem bark of <i>Olax subscorpioidea </i>may reduce hepatic oxidative injury caused by CCl<sub>4</sub> by its antioxidant potentials.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control , Liver/drug effects , Olacaceae , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Biomarkers/metabolism , Carbon Tetrachloride , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/metabolism , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Ethanol/chemistry , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Male , Olacaceae/chemistry , Plant Bark , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Leaves , Rats, Wistar , Solvents/chemistryABSTRACT
The antirheumatoid arthritis potential of ethanol and aqueous extracts of seed pod of Copaifera salikounda (SPCS) was evaluated using the chicken collagen/complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats model. Adjuvat-induced rats were treated with varied doses of the extracts (400, 600, and 800 mg/kg body weight) and with reference drug, indomethacin for 21 days. Antiarthritic evaluation was done through measurement of body weight, paw size, inflammatory makers, hematological parameters, cytokines, antioxidant enzymes, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation as well as histopathological examinations. Treatment with the ethanol and aqueous extracts of SPCS markedly inhibited the paw size and caused weight gain. The extracts considerably modulated the hematological as well as the antioxidant parameters. Likewise, the extract restored the altered lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory mediators, and inflammatory factors which further accentuate the implication in adjuvant-induced arthritis. Thus, the ethanol and aqueous extracts of SPCS showed a significant antiarthritic activity that was statistically analogous to that of indomethacin. Practical applications Copaifera salikounda (Heckel) has been used in treatment of different ailments including rheumatoid arthritis in folklore medicine. This is the first reported proof of the antiarthritic potential of the seed pod. Oxidative stress has been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis. Ethanol extract of SPCS has been shown to be predominantly rich in phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids which are natural antioxidant. The present study has demonstrated that ethanol and aqueous extracts of SPCS can exert antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects, thus strengthening its antiarthritic potentials.
