Epidemiological aspects of morbidity in the class of digestive organs in Kazakhstan.

AIM: To study epidemiological aspects of disease, class of diseases of the digestive system in the region of the relative risk in Kazakhstan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studied epidemiological parameters are first identified in the incidence and prevalence of class XI ICD in regions of Kazakhstan with the identification of risk relative to the average national level. In a dysfunctional region Kyzylorda region analyzed the performance of its regions and compared with data from medical examination of the population and the survey. RESULTS: A significant excess of the average national incidence rate between 1990 and 2015, was noted for 3 of the 14 regions of Kazakhstan (West-Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda, Mangystau). According to the dynamics of the unfavorable situation on the high level of incidence currently is in the Kyzylorda region (COA). From the areas of the COA maximum, the incidence of diseases of the digestive system registered in Kazalinsk district which exceeded the level at RK 4.8 times. The data on examination and survey of the complaints of the population exceeded the epidemiological indicators. In the area identified as the leading neoplasms of the digestive system in the structure of cancer incidence and exceeded the national average on the related class of blood diseases. Unfavorable situation on the incidence of the digestive system in Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan is associated with the cancer and blood diseases, this is partly due to the presence of pollutants in the environment.

[Ecological-hygienic evaluation of the environment of territories being adjacent to decultivated uranium mines].

On the territory of Kazakhstan there are uranium deposits, many ofwhich are in mothballed since times of perestroika. Often, the mines are flooded and represent a "time-delay bomb". Inside of mines various there are accumulated gases of both organic and inorganic nature, periodically thrown out and adversely affecting on the health of local populations. The aim of the study was the investigation of the state of the environment of Esilsky district of the Akmola region by common pollutants and chemicals. As the basic variable for the investigation of ambient air there was accepted the maximum one-time concentration of suspended substances, phenol, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide. The results were evaluated in relation to the MPC for the analyzed substance in the air according to maximal single MPC (MPCms) and daily average MPC (MPCda). The content of metals in the water was determined with the use of spectrophotometer PD-303S. Evaluation of the results was executed in relation of the MPC of substances in water, by means of the comparison with the requirements of Federal standards for drinking water, samples from drinking water sources. There were executed calculations of the overall index of water pollution (IWVgen), the index of water pollution by heavy metals (IWVhm). Chemical analysis of soil was carried out with the use of spectrophotometer PD- 303S (Japan), the photometer expert-003 "Ekoniks". Evaluation of the results was carried out with the respect to the MPC in the soil, the toxicity of all components. Summarizing soil pollution index was evaluated for metals contained in the soil at the level of more than or equal to 1 MAC. The settlement Krasnogorskiy and the village of Kalachi were found to be characterized by a low level of air pollution, increased rigidity of drinking water exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations of copper by 3.45 times and chloride by 1.17 times in the soil cover.

[Qualitative index of population health losses in the aral sea region].

The article is devoted to the approbation of the modification of the method of the presentation of indices of medical and social losses of the population on an example of environmentally unfavorable Aral Sea region in Kazakhstan. The first step in improvement of the system ofpublic health care is the identification of the most important problems related with the assessment of the disease burden and the adjustment of data of such type in accordance national aims on the decline of medical and social losses in this problem area. So far according to the criteria for the determination of the boundary of ecological catastrophe area one of the indices is the steady gain in the mortality rate. Using the index "Years of Life Lost" (YLL) in medical statistics as a relatively new approach that continues to be improved and its development supposes the improvement in the quality of health statistics. We modified this method consisting in the determination of the coefficient of loss of years. In the given work after comprehensive analysis of the loss of years due to morbidity and mortality on the base of life tables the potential of lost years for the population was determined with bearing in mind of module tables and compared with the loss in years due to the health loss. So far there was declined the dimension of the comprehensive index, there was elevated its comparability with other indices, and the data interpretation has been optimized. Suggested modification can be used for a comprehensive assessment of health state in the execution of epidemiological studies and monitoring of medical and social situation in ecologically unfavorable regions.

[Cardiovascular diseases in the population of industrial towns and environmental factors].

AIM: To study the influence of environmental factors (EFs) on the development of cardiovascular diseases in the population of industrial towns of the Republic of Kazakhstan. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The investigation covered an 18-59-year-old adult population who had been living in the urbanized areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan for at least 10 years, who worked in harmless conditions and were unregistered as having chronic diseases. At Stage 1, screening (a therapist's examination, blood general and immunological tests, and electrocardiography) was carried out for risk group persons who underwent in-depth clinical examination (blood biochemical test) at Stage 2. RESULTS: Multivariate statistical analysis has revealed that the development of hypertension is associated with the high concentration of sulfur dioxide in atmospheric air, copper in dust sediments, and zinc in soil and that of coronary heart disease (CHD) is related to the high levels of nitrogen dioxide in atmospheric air and zinc in dust sediments. CONCLUSION: Based on pathogenetic and statistical data and information available in the literature, hypertension and CHD are referred to as the diseases that may result from the influence of EFs.

[Main results of research concerning asbestos-related diseases in Kazakhstan Republic].

Problem of safety in asbestos usage attracts close attention of specialists and agencies responsible for public health preservation nowadays. According to European researchers, studies of uncontrolled usage of amphibole asbestos demonstrate high risk of asbestosis, lung cander and pleural mesothelioma among the workers and population exposed. The article covers results of research concerning influence of chrysotile asbestos on the workers, problems of asbestos-related diseases formation. The authors defined suggestions on a concept of controlled usage of chrysotile asbestos in Kazakhstan Republic.

[Evaluation of induced mutagenesis in workers engaged into chrysotile asbestos production].

The authors present data of cytogenetic study of workers engaged into chrysotile asbestos industry. Evaluation of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of workers in main workshops of "Kustanaiskie mineral" JSC revealed reliable increase in chromosomal aberrations level. Structural chromosomal abnormalities in main groups were presented by chromosome and chromatide type aberrations with latter prevelent--that can prove chemical mutagenesis. Chromosome type aberrations were presented by paired fragments and centromere rupture, those of chromatide type--by deletions, single fragments and chromatide ruptures. Higher values of induced mutagenesis were revealed in workers of chrysotile asbestos ore concentration workshop, in workers of ore-preparation workshop, and in individuals with over 25 years of work at chrysotile asbestos production.

[Influence of ecologic environmental factors on diseases formation in population (review of literature)].

The paper presents the analytical review concerning influence of environmental ecological factors on development of ecologically dependent diseases in adults and children. The authors necessitate to improve monitoring system of environment and public health.

[Hygienic evaluation of ambient air pollution in Ust'-Kamenogorsk].

The article deals with hygienic evaluation of Ust-Kamenogorsk ambient air pollution with nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, phenol and suspended solids. Ambient air samples were taken in 36 points over 3 days at 6 am, noon, 6 and 9 pm (local time) during warm season (August) and cold season (December). According to the results obtained, the authors divided Ust-Kamenogorsk territory into 2 areas, based on IAP4 (index of air pollution): conditionally dirty area--over 7; conditionally clean area--under 7. Findings are high pollution with suspended solids, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and phenol over all territory of the city. But "conditionally dirty" area demonstrated the highest level of ambient air pollution.

[Contemporary state of using specialized food products to correct metabolic processes in chemical intoxication (review of literature)].

The article deals with topics associated with contemporary state of using specialized food products to correct metabolic processes in intoxication with various chemicals.

[Criteria for premorbid diagnosis of dust diseases in miners].

The authors defined diagnostic tests describing adaptational resources under exposure to dust (RBC resistance to hemolysis and silicon oxide content of urine). The testswere studied in apparently healthy miners (shaftmen and mining face workers). Results helped to define criteriafor premorbid diagnosis of dust diseases via those tests.