ABSTRACT
We present a simple extension in which a single parameter tunes the dynamics of cellular automata (CA) by consequently expanding their discrete state space into a Cantor set. Such an implementation serves as a potent platform for further investigation of several emergent phenomena, including deterministic phase transitions, pattern formation, autocatalysis, and self-organization. We first apply this approach to Conway's Game of Life and observe sudden changes in the asymptotic dynamics of the system accompanied by the emergence of complex propagators. Incorporation of the new state space with system features is used to explain the transitions and formulate the tuning parameter range where the propagators adaptively survive by investigating their autocatalytic local interactions. Similar behavior is present when the same recipe is applied to Rule 90, an outer totalistic elementary one-dimensional cellular automaton. In addition, the latter case shows that deterministic transitions between classes of CA can be achieved by tuning a single parameter continuously.
ABSTRACT
X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) is a scaffold protein and a key element in DNA base excision repair process. Although, the role of XRCC1 polymorphisms in male infertility has been studied broadly, it is still a matter of debate. Hence, in order to shed light on the problem, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the overall effect of XRCC1 polymorphisms in male infertility risk. Databases, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched until September 15, 2018. Afterwards, the genotypes' distribution, genotyping methods, and ethnicity groups were extracted, and overall analyses were conducted. A total number of five researches on 1,407 subjects and 974 controls were found to meet our criteria in this meta-analysis. The XRCC1 Arg399Gln (rs25487) polymorphism was analyzed. This is the first meta-analysis to investigate the association of XRCC1 polymorphisms (codon 399) and male infertility risk. Our results indicated that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism was not associated with male infertility risk in the total studied populations (Tab. 2, Fig. 3, Ref. 26). Keywords: meta-analysis; male infertility; polymorphism; XRCC1 Arg399Gln.
Subject(s)
Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Infertility, Male , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1 , Case-Control Studies , DNA-Binding Proteins , Humans , Infertility, Male/genetics , Male , Risk Factors , X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1/geneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common types of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women. Epidemiological studies showed that BC is linked to genetic and environmental factors, and inheritance plays a key role in the pathobiology of this disease. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a key differentiation cytokine and is produced by Th2 and activates Th2 development. Hence the current study aimed to assess the possible association between interleukin 4 (IL-4) VNTR polymorphism, and BC susceptibility in a sample of Iranian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: IL-4 VNTR polymorphism was evaluated in 150 women with BC and 150 age-matched healthy women by polymerase chain reaction method. RESULT: Among 3 possible alleles for IL-4 gene, we only observed 2 alleles. Current findings indicate that RP2/RP2 genotypes can be regarded as potent protective factors against breast cancer (OR = 0.929 [95%CI, 0.929-0.995]). CONCLUSION: Our result showed that the RP2/RP2 genotype of the IL-4 VNTR polymorphism could be a protective factor for BC susceptibility (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 46).
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Interleukin-4 , Alleles , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Female , Genotype , Humans , Interleukin-4/genetics , Iran , Minisatellite Repeats , Polymorphism, Genetic , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
Self-induced frequency lineshifts of NH3 in the nu2 band have been measured for low J and K values. By combination with lineshift parameters previously published for other frequency ranges, it is possible to consider several level manifolds connected by superabundant numbers of transitions. Using statistical tests, these results lead to a quite meaningful experimental confirmation of the nonadditivity of pressure lineshifts, that is, the Rydberg-Ritz combination principle cannot be extended to collisionally perturbed systems. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
