ABSTRACT
Therapeutic chaperone effect of a valienamine derivative N-octyl 4-epi-ß-valienamine (NOEV) was studied in G(M1)-gangliosidosis model mice. Phamacokinetic analysis revealed rapid intestinal absorption and renal excretion after oral administration. Intracellular accumulation was not observed after continuous treatment. NOEV was delivered to the central nervous system through the blood-brain barrier to induce high expression of the apparently deficient ß-galactosidase activity. NOEV treatment starting at the early stage of disease resulted in remarkable arrest of neurological progression within a few months. Survival time was significantly prolonged. This result suggests that NOEV chaperone therapy will be clinically effective for prevention of neuronal damage if started early in life hopefully also in human patients with G(M1)-gangliosidosis.
Subject(s)
Gangliosidosis, GM1/therapy , Hexosamines/administration & dosage , Molecular Chaperones/administration & dosage , beta-Galactosidase/genetics , beta-Glucosidase/genetics , Animals , Blood-Brain Barrier , Central Nervous System/enzymology , Central Nervous System/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Gangliosidosis, GM1/enzymology , Gangliosidosis, GM1/pathology , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Hexosamines/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Molecular Chaperones/pharmacokinetics , UrinalysisABSTRACT
Certain low-molecular-weight substrate analogs act both as in vitro competitive inhibitors of lysosomal hydrolases and as intracellular enhancers (chemical chaperones) by stabilization of mutant proteins. In this study, we performed oral administration of a chaperone compound N-octyl-4-epi-beta-valienamine to G(M1)-gangliosidosis model mice expressing R201C mutant human beta-galactosidase. A newly developed neurological scoring system was used for clinical assessment. N-Octyl-4-epi-beta-valienamine was delivered rapidly to the brain, increased beta-galactosidase activity, decreased ganglioside G(M1), and prevented neurological deterioration within a few months. No adverse effect was observed during this experiment. N-Octyl-4-epi-beta-valienamine will be useful for chemical chaperone therapy of human G(M1)-gangliosidosis.
Subject(s)
Gangliosidosis, GM1/drug therapy , Gangliosidosis, GM1/physiopathology , Hexosamines/therapeutic use , Molecular Chaperones/therapeutic use , Nervous System/drug effects , Nervous System/physiopathology , Animals , Brain/metabolism , Gangliosidosis, GM1/metabolism , Hexosamines/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Kidney/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Mice, Transgenic , Molecular Chaperones/pharmacokinetics , Mutation , Nervous System/metabolism , Osmolar Concentration , Tissue Distribution , beta-Galactosidase/deficiency , beta-Galactosidase/genetics , beta-Galactosidase/metabolismABSTRACT
A large number of genetic disease model mice have been produced by genetic engineering. However, phenotypic analysis is not sufficient, particularly for brain dysfunction in neurogenetic diseases. We tried to develop a new assessment system mainly for motor and reflex functions in G(M1)-gangliosidosis model mice. Two genetically engineered model mouse strains were used for this study: the beta-galactosidase-deficient knockout mouse representing infantile G(M1)-gangliosidosis (severe form), and transgenic mouse representing juvenile G(M1)-gangliosidosis (mild form). We modified human child neurology techniques, and selected eleven tests for motor assessment and reflex testing. The test results were scored in four grades: 0 (normal), 1 (slightly abnormal), 2 (moderately abnormal), and 3 (severely abnormal). Both disease model mouse strains showed high scores even at the apparently pre-symptomatic stage of the disease, particularly with abnormal tail and hind limb postures. Individual and total test scores were well correlated with the progression of the disease. This method is simple, quick, and reproducible. The testing is sensitive enough to detect early neurological abnormalities, and will be useful for monitoring the natural clinical course and effect of therapeutic experiments in various neurogenetic disease model mice, such as chemical chaperone therapy for G(M1)-gangliosidosis model mice.
