ABSTRACT
En esta serie de 2 artículos realizamos una revisión de las principales entidades dermatopatológicas que cursan con granulomas. Esta primera parte se ha centrado en la aclaración de los conceptos, la presentación de los tipos de granulomas y de las células gigantes, así como en entidades muy diversas de origen no infeccioso. Algunas de ellas de origen metabólico, como la necrobiosis lipoídica: otras relacionadas con linfomas, como la micosis fungoides granulomatosa, y otras tan extendidas que casi resultan un problema cotidiano en las consultas de dermatología, como la rosácea (AU)
This series of 2 articles on dermatopathologic diagnoses reviews conditions in which granulomas form. Part 1 clarifies concepts, discusses the presentation of different types of granulomas and giant cells, and considers a large variety of noninfectious diseases. Some granulomatous diseases have a metabolic origin, as in necrobiosis lipoidica. Others, such as granulomatous mycosis fungoides, are related to lymphomas. Still others, such as rosacea, are so common that dermatologists see them nearly daily in clinical practice (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Granuloma/classification , Granuloma/pathology , Giant Cells/pathology , Giant Cells, Langhans/pathologyABSTRACT
Esta es la segunda parte de una serie dedicada a la patología granulomatosa en la biopsia cutánea. Mientras que en la primera parte hablamos, entre otras, de algunas condiciones metabólicas y tumorales, esta segunda parte abordará fundamentalmente patología infecciosa de diversos tipos, junto con otras condiciones relativamente frecuentes en las consultas de dermatología (AU)
Part 2 of this series on granulomatous diseases focuses on skin biopsy findings. Whereas the first part treated noninfectious conditions (metabolic disorders and tumors, among other conditions), this part mainly deals with various types of infectious disease along with other conditions seen fairly often by clinical dermatologists (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Granuloma/classification , Granuloma/diagnosis , Giant Cells/pathology , Giant Cells, Langhans/pathology , BiopsyABSTRACT
This series of 2 articles on dermatopathologic diagnoses reviews conditions in which granulomas form. Part 1 clarifies concepts, discusses the presentation of different types of granulomas and giant cells, and considers a large variety of noninfectious diseases. Some granulomatous diseases have a metabolic origin, as in necrobiosis lipoidica. Others, such as granulomatous mycosis fungoides, are related to lymphomas. Still others, such as rosacea, are so common that dermatologists see them nearly daily in clinical practice.
ABSTRACT
Part 2 of this series on granulomatous diseases focuses on skin biopsy findings. Whereas the first part treated noninfectious conditions (metabolic disorders and tumors, among other conditions), this part mainly deals with various types of infectious disease along with other conditions seen fairly often by clinical dermatologists.
ABSTRACT
Vascular occlusion has multiple, diverse clinical manifestations, some of which can have grave consequences for patients. It also has a wide variety of causes, including thrombi, which we recently addressed in partI of this review. In this second part, we look at additional causes of vascular occlusion.
Subject(s)
Blood Coagulation Disorders/complications , Embolism/complications , Skin Diseases, Vascular/etiology , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/pathology , Calciphylaxis/complications , Calciphylaxis/pathology , Cocaine/adverse effects , Female , Foreign Bodies/complications , Foreign Bodies/pathology , Humans , Ischemia/etiology , Ischemia/pathology , Levamisole/adverse effects , Livedo Reticularis/etiology , Livedo Reticularis/pathology , Male , Malignant Atrophic Papulosis/pathology , Necrosis , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/pathology , Paraproteinemias/complications , Paraproteinemias/pathology , Skin/blood supply , Skin Diseases, Vascular/chemically induced , Skin Diseases, Vascular/pathology , Skin Ulcer/etiology , Skin Ulcer/pathology , Sneddon Syndrome/pathologyABSTRACT
Vascular occlusion has multiple, diverse clinical manifestations, some of which can have grave consequences for patients. The causes of vascular occlusion are also highly variable, ranging from thrombi triggered by the uncontrolled activation of coagulation mechanisms, on the one hand, to endothelial dysfunction or occlusion by material extrinsic to the coagulation system on the other. In a 2-part review, we look at the main causes of vascular occlusion and the key clinical and histopathologic findings. In this first part, we focus on vascular occlusion involving thrombi.
Subject(s)
Thrombosis , Blood Coagulation , Humans , Thrombosis/etiologyABSTRACT
The most significant adverse effect of repeated oral administration of iron-containing antianaemic preparations is the gastroduodenal toxicity, attributable to a direct toxic effect of iron on the glandular epithelium. To assess gastroduodenal mucosal damage and the potential protective effect of different antianaemic preparations, a study was carried out to compare the gastroduodenal toxicity caused by three different types of antianaemic drugs in normal and anaemic rats administered at repeated therapeutic doses. Histological damage to the gastroduodenal mucosa was evaluated using light and electron microscopy. In both normal and anaemic rats, pathological changes were less marked in animals treated with ferrimannitol-ovoalbumin (TM/FMOA) than in those treated with iron protein succinylate or ferrous sulphate. Electron microscopic studies of duodenal mucosa in normal rats treated with iron protein succinylate and ferrous sulphate confirmed a severe ultrastructural alteration, whereas no changes were detected in animals treated with TM/FMOA. In anaemic rats, slight duodenal ultrastructural changes were noted with all three types of treatment. The effectiveness of the preparations in resolving the anaemia was similar in the three groups. It was concluded that TM/FMOA exerts a protective effect against the toxicity normally observed of the iron in other formulations in normal and anaemic rats, which was attributed to the fact that administration of iron bound to a protein core allows for gradual release of iron.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy , Ferric Compounds/adverse effects , Ferrous Compounds/adverse effects , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Metalloproteins/adverse effects , Succinates/adverse effects , Administration, Oral , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/pathology , Animals , Delayed-Action Preparations , Duodenum/drug effects , Duodenum/pathology , Female , Ferric Compounds/administration & dosage , Ferric Compounds/chemistry , Ferrous Compounds/administration & dosage , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Iron/blood , Male , Mannitol/chemistry , Metalloproteins/administration & dosage , Microscopy, Electron , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Succinates/administration & dosage , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Cutaneous biopsy is of great use in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, especially neurometabolic and inborn errors of metabolism. The sweat glands, especially the eccrine ones, and certain cellular elements in the adventitial dermis like the Schwann cells, axons, endothelium and fibroblasts, are altered in inborn errors of metabolism and in certain neurodegenerative diseases. The morphology and placement of these deposits, as for example axonal spheroids, Lafora bodies, homogeneous cytoplasmic bodies and prismatic bodies, permit to diagnosis the disease. Differential diagnosis must be made with simulating storage disorders. The study of skin biopsy must be complete and rigorous and follow a system of work, that includes electron microscopy, enzymatic determination and, occasionally, molecular biology. Valuable information about neurodegenerative diseases as muscular dystrophies, axonal neuropathy, Alzheimer disease and others can be carried out by skin biopsy. It can be foreseen that in the future indications of skin biopsy will be extended to other neurodegenerative diseases.
