Highly Reactive Palladium-Catalyzed and Acetonitrile-Mediated Three-Component Reactions for Arylsulfone Synthesis.

Arylsulfone groups play an important role in the synthesis of functionalized molecules. The acetonitrile-mediated three-component reactions for arylsulfone synthesis were developed in the presence of a 0.00025 mol % palladium catalyst. Arylboronic acids reacted with potassium metabisulfite (K2S2O5) and benzyl bromide in the presence of LiF and a very low concentration of PdCl2 in acetonitrile solvents to produce the corresponding benzyl arylsulfones in moderate to good yields. Various arylboronic acids reacted with K2S2O5 and carbon electrophiles to produce the desired arylsulfones under the optimized conditions. It was proposed that acetonitrile accelerated the generation of aryl anion species from the reaction of arylboronic acids and LiF.

Sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy: An emerging alternative strategy for microbial inactivation.

Sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (SACT), which relies on a combination of low-intensity ultrasound and chemotherapeutic agents termed sonosensitizers, has been explored as a promising alternative for microbial inactivation. Such treatment has superior penetration ability, high target specificity, and can overcome resistance conferred by the local microenvironment. Taken of these advantages, SACT has been endowed with an extensive application prospect in the past decade and attracted more and more attention. This review focusses on the current understanding of the mechanism of SACT, the interaction of sonodynamic action on different microbes, the factors affecting the efficacy of SACT, discusses the findings of recent works on SACT, and explores further prospects for SACT. Thus, a better understanding of sonodynamic killing facilitates the scientific community and industry personnel to establish a novel strategy to combat microbial burden.

One-Pot Synthesis of Pentafluorophenyl Sulfonic Esters via Copper-Catalyzed Reaction of Aryl Diazonium Salts, DABSO, and Pentafluorophenol.

Pentafluorophenyl (PFP) sulfonic esters were synthesized via a copper-catalyzed one-pot multicomponent reaction of aryl diazonium tetrafluoroborate, DABSO (DABCO·(SO2)2), and pentafluorophenol. The reaction system provided the desired pentafluorophenyl sulfonic esters in good yields and exhibited excellent functional group tolerance. In addition, the generated PFP sulfonic esters were successfully applied in Sonogashira, Suzuki, Chan-Evans-Lam, and decarboxylative coupling reactions.

Palladium-Catalyzed Amide N-C Hiyama Cross-Coupling: Synthesis of Ketones.

N-Acylglutarimides and arylsiloxanes reacted in the presence of Pd(OAc)2/PCy3, Et3N·3HF, and LiOAc to provide the corresponding arylketones in good yields. Aryl-, vinyl-, and alkyl-substituted N-acylglutarimides showed good activity in the coupling reactions of arylsiloxanes. The reaction had a broad substrate scope and showed good functional group tolerance. N-Benzoylsuccinimide and N-protected N-phenylbenzamides showed good activities in coupling reactions with phenylsiloxane. The employment of CuF2 as an activor afforded the decarbonylative products at 160 °C.

Inactivation kinetics of Bacillus cereus spores by Plasma activated water (PAW).

In recent years, plasma activated water has attracted more attention as a new disinfectant. The purpose of this study was to explore impact of variation of different treatment conditions on the inactivation kinetics of Bacillus cereus spores by PAW. All survival curves showed that the number of spores has decreased rapidly at first, followed by tailing results from the reduction inactivation rate. A linear and two nonlinear models (Weibull and Log-logistic model) were fitted to these data, and Log-logistic model fitted the inactivation of the B. cereus spores best. B. cereus spores in 106 CFU/mL was reduced by 1.62-2.96 log CFU/mL by PAW at 55 °C due to the reactive species generated in PAW. Elevated temperature, lower initial spore concentration, lower bovine serum albumin content, and smaller activation volume of PAW considerably enhanced PAW inactivation of B. cereus spores. These results provide an approach to evaluate the inactivation efficacy of different treatment conditions for PAW.

Proteomic responses of spores of Bacillus subtilis to thermosonication involve large-scale alterations in metabolic pathways.

Thermosonication (TS) impacts numerous characteristics of spores, such as morphology, cell metabolism, and stress resistance. However, relevant mechanisms need to be clarified. In the present study, the effect of TS treatment on Bacillus subtilis spores was investigated at phenotypic and proteomic levels. The results showed that TS treatment induced significant changes to spores in growth kinetics and morphology. A total of 167 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were obtained after TS treatment at 6.67 W/mL and 80 °C. Among these proteins, 80 were up-regulated, whereas 87 were down-regulated. These DEPs were classed into 20 functional categories. Enrichment analysis of the proteome revealed that the major categories were associated with metabolic functions, including energy metabolic processes, amino acids biosynthesis and metabolism, translation and ribosomal protein. In summary, B. subtilis spores showed alteration primarily in the proteins that were associated with metabolism under TS treatment. These findings could be applied to the development and optimization of TS-based sporicidal treatment.