Unlocking the potential of one-carbon gases (CO2, CO) for concomitant bioproduction of ß-carotene and lipids.

This study investigates the use of a Yarrowia lipolytica strain for the bioconversion of syngas-derived acetic acid into ß-carotene and lipids. A two-stage process was employed, starting with the acetogenic fermentation of syngas by Clostridium aceticum, metabolising CO, CO2, H2, to produce acetic acid, which is then utilized by Y. lipolytica for simultaneous lipid and ß-carotene synthesis. The research demonstrates that acetic acid concentration plays a pivotal role in modulating lipid profiles and enhancing ß-carotene production, with increased acetic acid consumption leading to higher yields of these compounds. This approach showcases the potential of using one-carbon gases as substrates in bioprocesses for generating valuable bioproducts, providing a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to more conventional feedstocks and substrates, such as sugars.

Integrated fermentative process for lipid and ß-carotene production from acetogenic syngas fermentation using an engineered oleaginous Yarrowia lipolytica yeast.

An engineered Yarrowia lipolytica strain was successfully employed to produce ß-carotene and lipids from acetic acid, a product of syngas fermentation by Clostridium aceticum. The strain showed acetic acid tolerance up to concentrations of 20 g/L. Flask experiments yielded a peak lipid content of 33.7 % and ß-carotene concentration of 13.6 mg/g under specific nutrient conditions. The study also investigated pH effects on production in bioreactors, revealing optimal lipid and ß-carotene contents at pH 6.0, reaching 22.9 % and 44 mg/g, respectively. Lipid profiles were consistent across experiments, with C18:1 being the dominant compound at approximately 50 %. This research underscores a green revolution in bioprocessing, showing how biocatalysts can convert syngas, a potentially polluting byproduct, into valuable ß-carotene and lipids with a Y. lipolytica strain.

Sequential bioconversion of C1-gases (CO, CO2, syngas) into lipids, through the carboxylic acid platform, with Clostridium aceticum and Rhodosporidium toruloides.

Syngas (CO, CO2, H2) was effectively bioconverted into lipids in a two-stage process. In the first stage, C1-gases were bioconverted into acetic acid by the acetogenic species Clostridium aceticum through the Wood-Ljungdahl metabolic pathway in a stirred tank bioreactor, reaching a maximum acetic acid concentration of 11.5 g/L, with a production rate of 0.05 g/L·h. Throughout this experiment, samples were extracted at different periods, i.e., different concentrations, to be used in the second stage, aiming at the production of lipids from acetic acid. The yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides, inoculated in the acetogenic medium, was able to efficiently accumulate lipids from acetic acid generated in the first stage. The best results, in terms of lipid content, dry biomass, biomass yield (Y(X/S)) and lipid yield (Y(L/S)) were 39.5% g/g dry cell weight, 3 g/L, 0.35 and 0.107, respectively. In terms of abundance, the lipid profile followed the order: C18:1 > C16:0 > C18:2 > C18:0 > Others. Experiments were also performed to determine the toxicity exerted by high concentrations of acetic acid on R. toruloides, resulting in inhibition at initial acid concentrations around 18 g/L leading to a higher lag phase and being lethal to the yeast at initial acetic acid concentrations around 22 g/L and above. This research paves the way for a novel method of growing oleaginous yeasts to produce sustainable biofuels from syngas or C1-pollutant gases.

Production of biofuels from C1 -gases with Clostridium and related bacteria-Recent advances.

Clostridium spp. are suitable for the bioconversion of C1 -gases (e.g., CO2 , CO and syngas) into different bioproducts. These products can be used as biofuels and are reviewed here, focusing on ethanol, butanol and hexanol, mainly. The production of higher alcohols (e.g., butanol and hexanol) has hardly been reviewed. Parameters affecting the optimization of the bioconversion process and bioreactor performance are addressed as well as the pathways involved in these bioconversions. New aspects, such as mixotrophy and sugar versus gas fermentation, are also reviewed. In addition, Clostridia can also produce higher alcohols from the integration of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and the reverse ß-oxidation pathway, which has also not yet been comprehensively reviewed. In the latter process, the acetogen uses the reducing power of CO/syngas to reduce C4 or C6 fatty acids, previously produced by a chain elongating microorganism (commonly Clostridium kluyveri), into the corresponding bioalcohol.

Spatial and Seasonal Patterns of the Mosquito Community in Central Oklahoma.

Mosquitoes (Culicidae) are ubiquitous flying insects that function as vectors for several viruses that cause disease in humans. Mosquito abundance and diversity are influenced by landscape features and environmental factors such as temperature and precipitation and vary across seasons and years. The range and phenology of many mosquito species that vector viruses relevant to human health are changing. We sampled mosquito communities in central Oklahoma for four years at thirteen sites, collecting over 25,000 mosquitoes; among these, we identified 27 different species, including several that transmit human pathogens and were collected in suburban backyards. Community composition differed across the landscape and changed from early season to late season and year to year. This effort to describe mosquito communities in Oklahoma is a first step toward assessing and predicting arbovirus risk, an ongoing and dynamic public health challenge.

Morphometric and molecular characterization of Kudoa encrasicoli n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) from the European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus (L.) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae).

The European anchovy represents the main fisheries for countries in the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins. The skeletal muscle of 13 of 48 (27.1%) Engraulis encrasicolus (L.) specimens from North East Atlantic waters (FAO 27.8.c) was found infected with interfibrillar elongated plasmodia (130-980 µm in length) containing mature myxospores belonging to the genus Kudoa Meglitsch, 1947. No flesh softening was found associated with infection. Fresh myxospores were 10.8 ± 0.7 (9.1-12.3) µm in width 1, 11.3 ± 0.9 (9.5-13.4) µm in width 2, 6.7 ± 0.4 (5.8-7.4) µm in thickness, and 6.9 ± 0.5 (5.8-7.5) µm in length. They were almost stellate in apical view having three pointed-edged shell valves bearing three small polar capsules equal in size 5.0 ± 0.3 (4.4-5.4) µm long and 2.4 ± 0.2 (2.0-3.0) µm wide, and one rounded- to rarely bluntly pointed-edged shell valve bearing a large and particularly wide polar capsule 6.8 ± 0.4 (5.9-7.6) µm long and 4.1 ± 0.2 (3.6-4.4) µm wide. Morphological and morphometrical comparisons between these myxospores and those of Kudoa thyrsites (Gilchrist, 1923) from the clupeid Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum) (North East Atlantic waters, FAO 27.9.a), with which exhibited a similarity of 98.9% and 96.2% using SSU and LSU rDNA sequences, respectively, support the creation of Kudoa encrasicoli n. sp. Morphometrical analysis of the polar capsules of flattened myxospores is suggested as a useful approach to differentiate phylogenetically related kudoids with stellate or almost stellate myxospores bearing four polar capsules.

Factores de riesgo de contagio de la Covid-19 en personal sanitario / Risk Factors for COVID-19 transmission among healthcare workers

Objetivos: El personal sanitario se sitúa en la primera barrera en la lucha contra la Covid-19, constituyendo un colectivo con una alto riesgo de infección. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir los factores de riesgo asociados en una población de profesionales que trabajan en un consorcio sanitario que incluye diferentes centros relacionados con la atención a la salud. Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo; población 2.620 trabajadores sanitarios; desde el inicio del Estado de Alarma en España (15/03/20) hasta 21/06/2020. Se calcula la asociación entre las variables independientes sexo, edad, años de antigüedad, categoría profesional y lugar de trabajo con la presencia de Covid-19 mediante la prueba Chi-Cuadrado y el cálculo de la Odds Ratio (OR) e intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%) simple y ajustado mediante Regresión Logística Múltiple. Límite de significación aceptado ≤0,05. Resultados: El personal sanitario, en todas las categorías, presenta siempre más riesgo respecto al no sanitario. Enfermería mostró los riesgos más altos -OR:14,03 (3,19-61,66)-. En el lugar de trabajo, Hospitalización-Médico-Quirúrgica -OR:13,43 (1,7-106,12)- y Sociosanitario -OR:17,77 (2,19-144,04)- presentaron más riesgo respecto a los que no tienen contacto con pacientes. Conclusión: El riesgo más elevado de contagio se presentó entre los profesionales que tienen mayor contacto con pacientes y en los lugares en los que se detectaron por PCR positivos para Covid-19 entre los pacientes ingresados por otras patologías, teniendo un riesgo mayor los profesionales que atienden estos pacientes que aquellos que atienden zonas destinadas a Covid-19 (AU)

Objective: Frontline healthcare workers are the first line of defense against Covid-19, resulting in a higher risk of infection. The objective of this study was to describe the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated risk factors among professionals working in a healthcare consortium that includes different centers. Methods: This was a retrospective analytical observational study of 2620 healthcare workers; the project period began with the declaration of the state of alarm in Spain (March 15, 2020) and ended on June 21, 2020. We estimated associations between the independent variables sex, age, seniority, professional category and work location and confirmed COVID-19 as the outcome variable. Bivariate study analysis was based on chi-square test and simple logistic regression with calculation of the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Multivariate analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p ≤0.05. Results: All frontline healthcare worker categories were at higher risk than non-patient-facing personnel. Nurses had the highest risk [OR, 14.03 (3.19-61.66)]. With respect to work location, and as compared to non-patient-facing personnel, working in the surgical-medical-hospitalization-clinic [OR 13.43 (1.7-106.12)] and socio-health center [OR 17.77 (2.19-144.04) posed the greatest risks. Conclusions: The greatest risk of acquiring COVID-19 was among patient-facing healthcare professionals working in areas where COVID-19 was detected among patients admitted for other pathologies. This risk was higher than in those areas designated for the care of COVID-19 patients, possibly due to differences in the use of personal protective equipment (AU)

[Risk Factors for COVID-19 transmission among healthcare workers]. / Factores de Riesgo de Contagio de la Covid-19 en Personal Sanitario.

OBJECTIVE: Frontline healthcare workers are the first line of defense against Covid-19, resulting in a higher risk of infection. The objective of this study was to describe the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated risk factors among professionals working in a healthcare consortium that includes different centers. METHODS: This was a retrospective analytical observational study of 2620 healthcare workers; the project period began with the declaration of the state of alarm in Spain (March 15, 2020) and ended on June 21, 2020. We estimated associations between the independent variables sex, age, seniority, professional category and work location and confirmed COVID-19 as the outcome variable. Bivariate study analysis was based on chi-square test and simple logistic regression with calculation of the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Multivariate analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p ≤0.05. RESULTS: All frontline healthcare worker categories were at higher risk than non-patient-facing personnel. Nurses had the highest risk [OR, 14.03 (3.19-61.66)]. With respect to work location, and as compared to non-patient-facing personnel, working in the surgical-medical-hospitalization-clinic [OR 13.43 (1.7-106.12)] and socio-health center [OR 17.77 (2.19-144.04) posed the greatest risks. CONCLUSIONS: The greatest risk of acquiring COVID-19 was among patient-facing healthcare professionals working in areas where COVID-19 was detected among patients admitted for other pathologies. This risk was higher than in those areas designated for the care of COVID-19 patients, possibly due to differences in the use of personal protective equipment.

Objetivos: El personal sanitario se sitúa en la primera barrera en la lucha contra la Covid-19, constituyendo un colectivo con una alto riesgo de infección. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir los factores de riesgo asociados en una población de profesionales que trabajan en un consorcio sanitario que incluye diferentes centros relacionados con la atención a la salud. Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo; población 2.620 trabajadores sanitarios; desde el inicio del Estado de Alarma en España (15/03/20) hasta 21/06/2020. Se calcula la asociación entre las variables independientes sexo, edad, años de antigüedad, categoría profesional y lugar de trabajo con la presencia de Covid-19 mediante la prueba Chi-Cuadrado y el cálculo de la Odds Ratio (OR) e intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%) simple y ajustado mediante Regresión Logística Múltiple. Límite de significación aceptado ≤0,05. Resultados: El personal sanitario, en todas las categorías, presenta siempre más riesgo respecto al no sanitario. Enfermería mostró los riesgos más altos -OR:14,03 (3,19-61,66)-. En el lugar de trabajo, Hospitalización-Médico-Quirúrgica -OR:13,43 (1,7-106,12)- y Sociosanitario -OR:17,77 (2,19-144,04)- presentaron más riesgo respecto a los que no tienen contacto con pacientes. Conclusión: El riesgo más elevado de contagio se presentó entre los profesionales que tienen mayor contacto con pacientes y en los lugares en los que se detectaron por PCR positivos para Covid-19 entre los pacientes ingresados por otras patologías, teniendo un riesgo mayor los profesionales que atienden estos pacientes que aquellos que atienden zonas destinadas a Covid-19.

Bioproducts generation from carboxylate platforms by the non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of renewable sources for bio-based production aiming at developing sustainable and feasible approaches towards a circular economy. Among these renewable sources, organic wastes (OWs) can be anaerobically digested to generate carboxylates like volatile fatty acids (VFAs), lactic acid, and longer-chain fatty acids that are regarded as novel building blocks for the synthesis of value-added compounds by yeasts. This review discusses on the processes that can be used to create valuable molecules from OW-derived VFAs; the pathways employed by the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to directly metabolize such molecules; and the relationship between OW composition, anaerobic digestion, and VFA profiles. The review also summarizes the current knowledge about VFA toxicity, the pathways by which VFAs are metabolized and the metabolic engineering strategies that can be employed in Y. lipolytica to produce value-added biobased compounds from VFAs.

Tratamiento de una úlcera venosa con terapia compresiva multicapa y tecnología alveolar gelificante / Treatment of a venous ulcer with multilayer compression therapy and alveolar gelling technology

Varón de 49 años, que presentó una úlcera venosa en maléolo interno de la extremidad inferior derecha de más de 2 años de evolución. En el caso clínico se exponen las pautas de tratamiento utilizadas, la evolución de dicha lesión y las medidas de prevención recomendadas una vez cicatrizada. Debido a que las úlceras venosas tienen una elevada prevalencia, que se sitúa entre el 70% y el 80%1 del total de las heridas en extremidades inferiores, lo que conlleva un elevado gasto sanitario, creemos importante la realización del índice tobillo-brazo, así como la correcta utilización de los tratamientos tópicos

A 49 years old male presented a venous ulcer on the internal malleolus of the right lower extremity of more than 2 years of evolution. In the clinical case, the treatment guidelines used, the evolution of the injury and the recommended prevention measures once healed are exposed. Because venous ulcers have a high prevalence between 70-80% of the total wounds in the lower extremities, which entails a high health expenditure, this is because we believe that the anklebrachial index is important, as well as the correct use of topical treatments

Leveraging growth factor induced macropinocytosis for targeted treatment of lung cancer.

Targeted therapy focused on highly expressed growth factor receptors is increasingly becoming popular for the treatment of lung cancer. Cancer cells exhibit higher levels of macropinocytosis than the normally quiescent non-cancerous cells, which can further be enhanced by growth factors. Here, we show the targeted enhancement of macropinocytosis in lung cancer cells for the delivery of the mitochondriotoxic peptide (KLAKLAK)2 using keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). We report the formation of a nanoparticle (NP) comprising of two chimeric fusion proteins, both fused to elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), (KLAKLAK)2-ELP and KGF-ELP. We show that (KLAKLAK)2-ELP nanoparticles are internalized via macropinocytosis and its internalization is facilitated by the interaction of the ELP domain with cell surface heparin sulfate proteoglycans. This internalization leads to mitochondrial depolarization and subsequent cell death. Also, we demonstrate that KGF-ELP selectively enhances macropinocytosis in cancer cells expressing high levels of the keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR). Finally, the heterogeneous NPs consisting of (KLAKLAK)2-ELP and KGF-ELP selectively kill KGFR-expressing lung cancer cells. Hence, this multipronged approach of targeting highly active processes and receptors in cancer cells will be tremendously selective in the treatment of both early-stage and advanced-stage lung cancers, thereby improving patient's prognosis and survival rate.

First reported outbreak of severe spirorchiidiasis in Emys orbicularis, probably resulting from a parasite spillover event.

The importance of disease-mediated invasions and the role of parasite spillover as a substantial threat to the conservation of global biodiversity are now well known. Although competition between invasive sliders Trachemys scripta elegans and indigenous European turtles has been extensively studied, the impact of this invasive species on diseases affecting native populations is poorly known. During winter 2012-2013 an unusual event was detected in a population of Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) inhabiting a pond system in Galicia (NW Spain). Most turtles were lethargic and some had lost mobility of limbs and tail. Necropsies were performed on 11 turtles that were found dead or dying at this site. Blood flukes belonging to the species Spirorchis elegans were found inhabiting the vascular system of 3 turtles, while numerous fluke eggs were trapped in the vascular system, brain, lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and/or gastrointestinal tissues of all necropsied animals. Characteristic lesions included miliary egg granulomas, which were mostly found on serosal surfaces, particularly of the small intestine, as well as endocarditis, arteritis, and thrombosis. The most probable cause of death in the 3 turtle specimens which were also examined histologically was a necrotic enteritis with secondary bacterial infection associated with a massive egg embolism. The North American origin of S. elegans, the absence of prior recorded epizootics in the outbreak area, and the habitual presence of its type host, the highly invasive red-eared slider, in this area suggest a new case of parasite spillover resulting in a severe emerging disease.

Importance of polyethylenimine in biomedicine and its applications in gene therapy / Importancia de la polietilenimina en biomedicina y sus aplicaciones en terapia génica

Therapy is a branch of health science that deals with the means used and the manner of application in the treatment of diseases in order to relieve symptoms or produce a cure. Today there are many therapeutic tools available to combat the diverse health problems faced daily. With this evolution of medicine, it is inevitable that more and better strategies emerge leading to a more innovative therapeutic spectrum. Within the new strategies, we find that gene therapy is currently one with most potential. This type of therapy is based on using genetic material as an active substance against various pathologies and it is on which this literary review is focused. With the high demand for systems that vehiculize genetic material, diverse forms of carrying said material have emerged in the past decade. One of these forms consists of the use of non-viral vectors. The non-viral vectors act as transfectants that evade problems inherent to the use of viral structures such as immunological reactions. Polyethylenimine has emerged as the most promising polymer in this field for many reasons which will be illustrated in this paper. The objectives of this review are to give the reader an understanding of what Polyethylenimine is, why it has produced so much interest today in gene therapy, and what its applications are, with special emphasis on cancer treatment

La Terapéutica es la rama de las ciencias de la salud, que se ocupa de los medios empleados y su forma de aplicarlos en el tratamiento de las enfermedades con el fin de aliviar los síntomas o de producir la curación. Hoy en día existen al alcance multitud de herramientas terapéuticas para combatir los diversos problemas de salud a los que se hace frente día a día. Con esta evolución de la Medicina, es inevitable que vayan surgiendo cada vez más y mejores estrategias que conducen a un espectro terapéutico más innovador. Dentro de las nuevas estrategias, nos encontramos con la Terapia Génica que es una de las que más potencial tiene actualmente. Este tipo de terapia se basa en utilizar material genético como sustancia activa frente a diversas patologías y es aquí donde se encuentra el centro de atención de la presente revisión bibliográfica. Con la gran demanda de sistemas que vehiculizan el material génico han surgido en la última década, diversas formas de transportar dicho material. Una de estas formas consiste en el empleo de vectores no virales. Los cuales no son más que transfectores que eluden los problemas inherentes al empleo de estructuras víricas, como son las reacciones inmunológicas. La polietilenimina ha emergido como el polímero más prometedor en este ámbito por múltiples razones las cuales serán ilustradas en el presente trabajo. Los objetivos de la presente revisión son otorgar al lector un conocimiento sobre qué es la polietilenimina, porqué suscita tanto interés hoy en día en terapia génica, y cuáles son algunas de sus aplicaciones, haciendo especial hincapié en el tratamiento del cáncer

Revisiting the octopicolid copepods (Octopicolidae: Octopicola Humes, 1957): comparative morphology and an updated key to species.

A review of the present state of knowledge on the octopicolid copepods (Octopicolidae: Octopicola Humes, 1957) is presented. Characteristic morphological features are illustrated with scanning electron micrographs of Octopicola superba superba Humes, 1957. Comparative morphology analysis led to the conclusion that there is sufficient evidence to justify raising the two subspecies of O. superba to full species rank. A new identification key for the four species of Octopicola Humes, 1957, i.e. O. superba Humes, 1957, O. antillensis Stock, Humes & Gooding, 1963, O. stocki Humes, 1963 and O. regalis Humes, 1974, is proposed after evaluation of the morphological characters which vary more markedly between them. Among other characters, these species differ in the ornamentation of the third antennal segment, maxilla and male maxilliped. They are further distinguished by a combination of several character states concerning the fifth pedigerous somite.

Pseudocapillaria (Pseudocapillaria) moraveci sp. n. (Nematoda: Capillariidae) from the stomach of Gobius paganellus (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from Vigo estuary (NW Spain).

Pseudocapillaria moraveci sp. n. (Nematoda, Capillariidae) is described from the stomach of Gobius paganellus Linnaeus (Perciformes, Gobiidae) from rocky shores of the Vigo estuary (Northwest Atlantic coast of Spain). Scanning electron microscopy reveals the absence of a dorsal cuticular membrane interconnecting the caudal lobes of male, thus confirming the assignment of this new species to the nominotypical subgenus Pseudocapillaria Freitas, 1959. Pseudocapillaria moraveci can be easily differentiated from other marine congeneric species belonging to subgenera Pseudocapillaria and Ichthyocapillaria Moravec, 1982 by its muscular oesophagus, which is distinctly thickened at the distal third, the terminal or almost terminal anus in female, the presence of a basal internal papilla on each ventrolateral caudal lobe in male, and its exclusive site preference for the stomach. In addition, the spicule, which measures 0.180-0.292 mm in length (4.9-7.9% of body length) and possesses a proximal end expanded and oblique in lateral view, a narrowed middle part, and a distal end almost pointed, also distinguishes this species. Pseudocapillaria moraveci is, together with P. tomentosa (Dujardin, 1843) Moravec, 1987, the only species in the genus Pseudocapillaria that has been reported to infect members of the family Gobiidae.

Embolismo de líquido amniotico. A propósito de un caso / Amniotic fluid embolism. A report of a case

Introducción: El embolismo de líquido amniótico es un cuadro grave e infrecuente con un alto índice de mortalidad. Objetivo: Describir la conducta anestésica en una gestante con embolismo líquido amniótico. Presentación de caso: Paciente de 30 años. Ingresó por edad gestacional de 41,3 semanas. Se detectó oligoamnios severo. Se decidió inducir el parto. Presentó ruptura espontánea de membranas y líquido amniótico hemático. Inmediatamente, comenzó con disnea, irritabilidad, sangramiento vaginal, hipotensión y polipnea. Este cuadro se interpretó como un embolismo líquido amniótico. Se anunció cesárea emergente. Se comenzó inducción de secuencia rápida, laringoscopia e intubación fácil. El recién nacido tuvo Apgar 3-2-1. A pesar de las medidas de reanimación, falleció. Se produjo hipotensión marcada y paro cardiorrespiratorio en asistolia. Se comenzaron las mediadas de reanimación. Al minuto recuperó ritmo sinusal. Se trasladó a la UCI con diagnóstico de puérpera grave complicada por ELA y CID. Se reintervino por presunto sangramiento activo. Se realizó histerectomía total abdominal. Posteriormente, se reintervino por hemoperitoneo y se ligaron las arterias hipogástricas. Las complicaciones en UCI fueron parálisis recurrencial de cuerda vocal izquierda y monoparesia miembro superior derecho. Estancia 8 días. Conclusiones: La embolia de líquido amniótico es una condición potencialmente mortal, su diagnóstico se realiza generalmente por exclusión. Su tratamiento debe ser inmediato y enérgico para lograr resultados satisfactorios en la madre y el feto.

Introduction: Amniotic fluid embolism is a serious and unusual with a high mortality rate. Objective: To describe the anesthetic management of pregnant women with amniotic fluid embolism. Case Presentation: Patient of 30 years. joined by gestational age of 41.3 weeks. Severe oligohydramnios was detected. It was decided to induce labor. Presented spontaneous rupture of membranes and amniotic fluid bloody. Immediately, he began with dyspnea, irritability, vaginal bleeding, hypotension and tachypnea. This picture was interpreted as an amniotic fluid embolism. Emergent cesarean section was announced. It began rapid sequence induction, laryngoscopy and intubation easy. The newborn had Apgar 3-2-1. Despite resuscitative measures, he died. There was marked hypotension and cardiac arrest in asystole. It began mediated resuscitation. The minute recovered sinus rhythm. He moved to the ICU with a diagnosis of ALS complicated by severe postpartum and CID. Repeat surgery for presumed active bleeding. Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed. Subsequently, we re for hemoperitoneum and hypogastric arteries were ligated. ICU complications were recurrent paralysis of left vocal cord and right upper limb monoparesis. Stay 8 days. Conclusions: Amniotic fluid embolism is a potentially fatal condition; its diagnosis is usually made by exclusion. Your treatment should be immediate and aggressive in achieving satisfactory results in the mother and fetus.

Promoviendo estilos de vida saludables en adolescentes y jóvenes en temas de ITS, VIH y SIDA: Sistematización de la intervención 2006 - 2008 / Promoting healthy life styles in adolescents and young people on issues ITS, HIV and AIDS: Systematization of the intervention 2006 - 2008

El presente documento explica el proceso de sistematización de la experiencia, centrándose en la implementación de las estrategias de educación de pares con promotores escolares y juveniles, capacitación de docentes y eduentretenimiento. De otro lado, analiza los principales resultados obtenidos, las dificultades identificadas y las lecciones aprendidas(AU)

Promoviendo estilos de vida saludables en adolescentes y jóvenes en temas de ITS, VIH y SIDA: Sistematización de la intervención 2006 - 2008 / Promoting healthy life styles in adolescents and young people on issues ITS, HIV and AIDS: Systematization of the intervention 2006 - 2008

El presente documento explica el proceso de sistematización de la experiencia, centrándose en la implementación de las estrategias de educación de pares con promotores escolares y juveniles, capacitación de docentes y eduentretenimiento. De otro lado, analiza los principales resultados obtenidos, las dificultades identificadas y las lecciones aprendidas

Occurrence of the ectoparasite Isocyamus deltobranchium (Amphipoda: Cyamidae) on cetaceans from Atlantic waters.

The cyamids collected from a True's beaked whale (Mesoplodon mirus), a common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), and a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) stranded in Galicia (NW Spain) were identified as Isocyamus deltobranchium, extending the range of this species to the Atlantic Ocean. The three cetacean species examined are new hosts for this parasite. The microscopic examination of female specimens reveals that certain important taxonomic characters can be present or absent depending on the maturation stage, an aspect which should be considered in future studies describing cyamid species.

Piperazine N-substituted naphthyridines, pyridothienopyrimidines and pyridothienotriazines: new antiprotozoals active against Philasterides dicentrarchi.

New antiprotozoals active against Philasterides dicentrarchi, the causative agent of scuticociliatosis in farmed turbot and Black Sea bass-bream, have been synthesised and tested. The most active compounds posses a piperazine ring, generally N-bonded to the heterocycle, and are the 1,8-naphthyridines, 2f and 5o, the pyridothienopyrimidine (7), and the pyridothienotriazines, 8, 9, 12d, 12f, 12h, 12m and 12k. Pyridothienotriazine (12k) presents the same activity (Lethal Dose, LD=0.8/1.5 mg L(-1)) as the well-known antiparasitics niclosamide and oxyclozanide.