ABSTRACT
The influence of fatty acid composition of the diets on the productive performance and on cold and heat tolerance of juvenile freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare), in three different phases, was studied. Phase I studied the productive performance of freshwater angelfish in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments, canola, linseed, olive and soybean oils and four replicates during 50 days using 192 fish in 16 aquaria. Phase II studied the cold tolerance of juvenile freshwater angelfish using 72 juvenile freshwater angelfish, coming from phase I and maintained in 12 aquaria climatized chamber. The temperature was reduced 1ºC per day, until the observation of 100 percent fish mortality. Phase III, it was studied the heat tolerance of juvenile freshwater angelfish employing an identical procedure to phase II, but with a daily increase of 1ºC. Significant differences (P>0.05) were not observed for any parameters evaluated. Thus, it was concluded that the type of vegetable oil (canola, linseed, olive and soybean) used as a diet supplement did not affect the productive performance, nor the tolerance to cold and heat, of juvenile freshwater angelfish.
Avaliou-se a influência da suplementação de lipídeos na dieta, com diferentes composições de ácidos graxos, sobre o desempenho produtivo e tolerância ao frio e ao calor de juvenis de acará-bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare). O experimento foi realizado em três fases. Na fase um avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo dos peixes em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com quatro tratamentos - óleos de canola, linhaça, oliva e soja - e quatro repetições, durante 50 dias usando 192 peixes distribuídos em 16 aquários. Na segunda fase, avaliou-se a tolerância ao frio, usando 72 peixes, procedentes da fase um, distribuídos em 12 aquários e mantidos em câmara climatizada. A temperatura foi reduzida de 1ºC por dia até a observação de 100 por cento de mortalidade dos peixes. Na fase três, avaliou-se a tolerância ao calor com procedimentos semelhantes aos da fase dois, porém a temperatura foi elevada 1ºC por dia. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) para os parâmetros avaliados. Conclui-se que a suplementação de óleos vegetais nas dietas não inferiu no desempenho produtivo e na tolerância ao frio e ao calor de juvenis de acará-bandeira.
Subject(s)
Animals , Diet/veterinary , Fatty Acids , Fishes , Lipids , Plant Oils , Body Temperature , SurvivalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Although renal angiomyolipoma (AML) has a typical ultrasound appearance, many authorities suggest that a computed tomography (CT) scan be obtained to confirm the diagnosis because small echogenic renal cell carcinomas can simulate AML. Our study evaluates the actual follow-up in such patients and factors that may affect whether CT confirmation is recommended or obtained. METHODS: From 1986 through 1992, 36 patients had an ultrasound diagnosis of probable renal AML (well-circumscribed, homogenously echogenic mass). In each case the patient's age, symptoms, ultrasound results and recommendations, and imaging follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: CT confirmation of the sonographic diagnosis was recommended in only 11 of 36 (31%) patients. Only 7 of these 11 patients actually underwent CT, 5 of whom had the diagnosis confirmed by CT detection of intratumoral fat. Ten of 23 patients (43%) over 50 years of age had CT recommended, whereas only 1 of 13 (8%) patients under age 50 years did (P < 0.05). CT confirmation was recommended for 5 of 13 (38%) lesions greater than 10 mm and for 6 of 23 (26%) smaller masses. None of the 9 patients under age 50 years with small masses (less than 10 mm) had CT recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Although many authorities recommend CT to confirm the sonographic diagnosis of renal AML, this algorithm is rarely followed in everyday clinical practice, especially in patients under age 50 years with masses less than 10 mm.
