ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the detection rate (DR) and sensitivity of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in patients with endometrial cancer using TC99m colloid and blue dye and to evaluate the contribution of preoperative planar lymphoscintigraphy (PLSG) and SPECT/CT. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent SLN mapping as part of their primary surgery for endometrial cancer. Patients underwent preoperative PLSG and later with additional SPECT/CT. Intraoperative detection was performed using TC99m colloid and blue dye by cervical injections. SLNs were sent separately for pathologic evaluation with ultrastaging. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients were included in this study. Successful preoperative mapping was achieved in 31 of 37 patients (84 %) who underwent SPECT/CT compared with only 30 of 45 patients (67 %) who underwent PLSG. SPECT/CT localizations of SLNs were anatomically accurate in 91 % of cases. Intraoperative DR of at least one SLN was 77 %, whilst the bilateral DR was 49 %. DR was significantly better using combined blue dye and TC99m colloid injections compared with blue dye alone: 81 versus 57 % for unilateral and 54 versus 28 % for bilateral mapping (P = 0.01, 0.009, respectively). Six cases of nodal metastasis were diagnosed: four by positive SLNs, and two cases were diagnosed using side-specific full dissection according to the SLN algorithm when SLN detection failed. There were no cases of false-negative results. CONCLUSIONS: SLN detection using cervical injections of TC99m colloid and blue dye is feasible and sensitive for patients with endometrial cancer. SPECT/CT aids to accurate locating of the SLN.
Subject(s)
Lymph Nodes/pathology , Lymphoscintigraphy , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/diagnostic imaging , Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology , Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/surgery , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology , Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery , Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/diagnostic imaging , Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology , Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/surgery , Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology , Endometrial Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging , Lymph Nodes/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Staging , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Prognosis , Radiopharmaceuticals , Retrospective Studies , Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur ColloidABSTRACT
This study explores the possibility of using X-ray fluorescence (XRF)-based trace-element analysis for differentiation of various bovine neck tissues. It is motivated by the requirement for an intra-operative in-vivo method for identifying parathyroid glands, particularly beneficial in surgery in the central neck-compartment. Using a dedicated X-ray spectral analysis, we examined ex-vivo XRF spectra from various histologically verified fresh neck tissues from cow, which was chosen as the animal model; these tissues included fat, muscle, thyroid, parathyroid, lymph nodes, thymus and salivary gland. The data for six trace elements K, Fe, Zn, Br, Rb and I, provided the basis for tissue identification by using multi-parameter analysis of the recorded XRF spectra. It is shown that the combination of XRF signals from these elements is sufficient for a reliable tissue differentiation. The average total abundance of these trace elements was evaluated in each tissue type, including parathyroid and salivary gland for the first time. It is shown that some tissues can unequivocally be identified on the basis of the abundance of a single element, for example, iodine and zinc for the identification of thyroid gland and muscle, respectively.
