ABSTRACT
The analysis of most important publications and the authors' own data on the pathological anatomy and pathogenesis of influenza are presented. Severe complicated forms of influenza are characterized by the development of acute bacterial tracheobronchites which are the source of staphylococcal aspirations into the lungs. The degree of severity of developing pneumonias is determined to a large extent by destructive changes in the lungs. The destruction of osmiophilic bodies in the alveolar epithelium and the disturbance of the surfactant system is conducive to pulmonary edema. An important role in the involvement of the lungs and other organs is played by viralstaphylococcal toxicity. Lymphoid-macrophage and leukocyte reactions responsible for the production of antibody, interferon, and other factors of resistance are very important for protection against influenza. During epidemics, particular attention should be paid to combinations of influenza with cardio-vascular diseases.
Subject(s)
Influenza, Human , Adult , Bronchi/pathology , Bronchitis/etiology , Child , Humans , Influenza, Human/complications , Influenza, Human/pathology , Lung/pathology , Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/etiology , Trachea/pathology , Tracheitis/etiologyABSTRACT
Morphogenesis of cytoplasmic inclusions was studied in experimental influenza infection in white mice. It was shown that cytoplasmic inclusions in influenza represented foci of partial degeneration and necrosis of the cytoplasm, the developmental phases of which are similar to phases of formation by means of autolysis. The disintegration of the content of inclusions in the epithelial cells of the bronchi was accompanied by accumulation in their zone of enzyme-containing structures of the type of tegmented vesicles. In low delimitation of inclusions odema of cyto- and karyoplasm was followed by destruction of mitochondria and perish of the cell. Formation of inclusions and signs of reproduction of the virus in alveolar cells proceeded with destruction of osmiophilic bodies. The processes of delimitation of inclusions in cytoplasm was of a reactive character and contributed to preservation of the life activity of cells.
Subject(s)
Cytoplasm/microbiology , Inclusion Bodies, Viral , Influenza A virus/isolation & purification , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/microbiology , Animals , Bronchi/pathology , Mice , Microscopy, Electron , Pulmonary Alveoli/pathologyABSTRACT
Influenza viruses with different degrees of virulence for the human being produced various reactions of the lymphoid-macrophagal elements in the peritoneal exudate of guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally. The higher the virulence of the strain for the human being -- the deeper the inhibition of the lymphoid and macrophagal cells of guinea pigs. Low virulent strains of influenza virus induced a considerable functional activity of macrophages, but were devoid of the lympholytic activity. Because of close corrleation between the virulence of the virus and the cellular content of the exudate the lymphocytic-macrophagal reaction in the animals resistant to influenza virus could serve for determination of the toxic activity of the viruses under study.
Subject(s)
Lymphocytes , Macrophages , Orthomyxoviridae , Animals , Ascitic Fluid/cytology , Guinea Pigs , VirulenceABSTRACT
The pathomorphological and virological study of peculiar features of parainfluenza infection caused by intranasal, aerosol and oral administration of the virus was carried out. The most marked lesions in the respiratory tract were observed in hamsters infected by the intranasal route, whereas with other routes of infection the intensity of lesions was minimal. Such differences in the pathomorphological manifestations of the process are most probably due to uneven distribution of the virus in the respiratory organs and to peculiar features of the immunological response of the animals.
