[The computer morphometry of synoviocytes: the diagnostic possibilities and importance for patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis].

The article deals with the data of computer morphometric analysis ofsynovial cells in 27 patients 35-53 years old with knee joint posttraumatic osteoarthritis stage I-II according Kellgren and Lowrence classification. The proposed technique of image computer analysis made it possible to apply a large specter of cardio-metric studies of pathologic processes in synovia of patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. The study results favored the implementation in computer morphometry new indicators characterizing brightness and optical density of image and permitting to evaluate the degree of compactization and amount of DNA in cells nuclei. The synoviocytes were differentiated on types I, II and III on basis of form parameters and histograms of distribution of cells nuclei brightness. The results of computer analysis of kinetics of proliferation of these cells dyed by Feulgen testified that in synovia of patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis synoviocytes type II were in G1 -period of interphase and synoviocytes type III were in S-period or G2 -period of interphase.

[Effects of oil-refining microbes (genus Acinetobacter) on cytogenetical structures of human lymphocytes in cell cultures].

The objective of this study was to assess ability of oil-refining bacteria Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and A. valentis to induce karyopathological abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocyte cultures. It was found that the cultures infected with A. calcoaceticus showed significantly high frequencies of cytogenetical effects and chromosomal aberrant cells as compared to the intact cultures and cultures infected with A. valentis. The most of chromosomal aberrations, mainly chromatid aberrations, were located in 1 and 2 chromosomes. Moreover, the aberrations were detected in some specific chromosome areas. Abnormalities of mitotic cell division and nucleus morphology were determined in lymphocyte cultures infected with A. calcoaceticus. There were found significantly high frequencies of cells with micronuclei, nucleus protrusions, anaphase or metaphase chromosome and chromosomal fragments lagging as well as multipolar and C-mitoses. Thus, the oil-refining bacteria A. calcoaceticus in contrast to A. valentis demonstrated strong genotoxic effects in human lymphocyte cultures in vitro.

[The role of mutation of gene cyp1A1 and benzapilene in cytogenetic changes of urinary tract epitheliocytes in oil industry workers employed in the oil fields of the North of West Siberia].

The examination of 477 oil industry workers and office personnel (control) employed in the oil fields of the North of Tomsk and Tyumen regions has detected increased number of epithelyocytes with micronuclei and an elevated urine level ofbenzapilene in workers employed in oil production. Especially pronounced changes of the above parameters were observed in men with mutant alleles Val of CYP1A1 gene. An enhanced mutation process in oil production workers may be due to a resultant action of different factors on human genome. Involved may be both mutagens and factors of comutagenic nature. The results obtained in this study suggest a conclusion about urgent need of introduction of new scientifically validated criteria of selection of personnel for oil production in the North of the West Siberia. Health examination of the applicants must include genotyping.

[Proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes in relation to the rate of infestation in patients with opisthorchiasis].

The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the proliferative function of mononuclear cells after stimulation with antigens or mitogens in patients with varying rates of chronic mixed infestation with Opisthorchis and Metorchis. The proliferative response of mononuclear cells to specific parasitic antigens in patients with opisthorchiasis of high infestation rates was ascertained to be considerably suppressed as compared with that of these cells in patients with low infestation rates. In addition, severe mixed infestation was attended by a suppressed lymphoproliferative response not only to specific helminth antigens, but also to nonspecific mitogen and mycobacterial antigen.

[Cytokine production in relation to the rate of infestation in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis].

The aim of the investigation was to study the specific features of in vitro cytokine production in response to specific parasitic antigens, mycobacterial antigen, and nonspecific mitogens in patients with chronic opithorchiasis who had varying infestation rates. There was a considerable increase in the mononuclear cell production of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 after specific Opisthorhis antigen stimulation with purified tuberculin derivate or the mitogen conconavalin A in opisthorchiasis patients having varying infestation rates as compared with appropriate parameters in healthy individuals. The production of these cytokines in opisthorchiasis patients with a high infestation rate (Group 2) was significantly higher than that in those with a low infestation rate (Group 1). The mononuclear cell production of interferon-y in the culture stimulated by specific Opisthorhis antigens, tuberculin, or phytohemagglutinin in opisthorchiasis patients with a high infestation rate (Group 2) was not only much lower than that in the control group, but also as compared with the appropriate parameters in Group 1 patients. Thus, the mononuclear cell-stimulated production of cytokines in vitro in patients correlates with the rate of infestation. The highest mononuclear cell production of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 and the highest suppression of interferon-gamma secretion are characteristic of the patients who have high infestation rates, suggesting the predominance of the type 2 response ofT helper cells.

[Therapeutic effect of mineral water of the Belokurikha spa resort on the level of antinuclear antibodies and chromosomal aberrations in synovial cells of patients with osteoarthrosis].

The objective of this study was chromosomal analysis and measurement of anti-nuclear antibody level in synovial cells of 28 patients aged between 35 and 50 years with knee joint osteoarthrosis before and after radon therapy at an equivalent doe of 280 mSv per treatment course. It was shown that the presence of osteoarthrosis was associated with a rise in the number of synoviocytes characterized by cytogenetic defects in the form of various chromosomal aberrations the frequency of which positively correlated with the number of anti-nuclear antibodies. Radon therapy brought about a decreases in the titers of antinuclear antibodies in synovial cells and the number of chromosomal aberrations in their nuclear apparatus. These changes were accompanied by the enhancement of mitotic activity of synoviocytes, stimulation of protein synthesis in these cells, and activation of proliferative processes in the synovial medium of the joints.

[Increased accumulation of some trace elements in peripheral blood and bile of patients infested with Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) and Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890)].

The invasion with Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) is known to be common in the Ob River region, West Siberia. These trematodes parasitize biliary tract of devinitive host (man or some species of animals). Other opisthorchiid species occurring in West Siberia, Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890), has also been recorded recently as human parasite. Life cycles of both these trematodes include fish-eating mammal hosts. Eggs of O. felineus and M. bilis are very similar morphologically and can hardly be indentified. Chronic invasion with the helminthes is found to be a cause of disbolism of trace elements or high accumulation of some essential and toxic elements in the organism of definitive host. The aim of the present study was to determine concentrations of some essential and toxic elements in samples of peripheral blood and bile obtained from patients infested with Opisthorchis and/or Metorchis using instrumental neuron-activation technique. At first, all patients with microscopically confirmed opisthorchiasis (by microscopic examination of faeces and bile for the helminth eggs) were examined with serological method (ELISA) for specific anti-Opisthorchis and anti-Metorchis antibodies. Among 139 examined patients, 56.1% had specific antibodies against both Opisthorchis and Metorchis, 41.7% showed anti-Opisthorchis antibodies only, and 2.1% turn out to be seropositive for anti-Metorchis antibodies only. Of 31 elements detected in the samples of peripheral blood and bile, the concentration of nine essential and toxic elements (mercury, chromium, cesium, rubidium, lanthanum, bromine, selenium, zinc, and cobalt) in the patients with the mixt-infection of Opisthorchis and Metorchis (78 individuals) and with the Opisthorchis mono-infection (58 individuals) were significantly higher than those in healthy uninfested individuals. Among these elements, mercury and chromium showed the highest concentrations in infested patients. We suggest that the significant increase in concentrations of some toxic elements in blood and bile of patients may be associated with increased bioaccumulation of these elements in environment, especially in the local river water and fish. Moreover, concentrations of such elements as chromium, mercury, cesium, lanthanum, selenium, and zinc in blood and/or bile of the patients with mixt-infection of Opisthorchis and Metorchis were significantly higher than those in the patients with mono-infection of Opisthorchis. Accumulation of these elements in the organisms of patients was positively correlated with the number of parasites and the duration of helminth infection.

[Nitric monoxide and other indicators of free radical processes and antioxidant system in patients with mixed or monoinvasion of Opisthorhis and Metorchis].

As compared with healthy individuals, patients with mixed Opisthorhis and Metorchis invasion and/or Opisthorhis monoinvasion were found to have a considerable increase in the serum levels of nitric monoxide and malondialdehyde with the concurrent suppression of catalase activity and lipid antioxidant activity, which correlated with the blood accumulation of some toxic trace elements. The highest accumulation levels of toxic trace elements, as well as the indicators of free radical processes were detected in patients with the mixed invasion as compared with the Opisthorhis monoinvasion group, which appears to be directly related to the intensity of invasion.

[Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) and Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890) infections in population of some regions of the Ob River Basin].

The incidence of Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) and Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890) infections among people living in several regions of the Ob River basin in the West Siberia has been assesed in this work. Our results suggest that Metorchis bilis infection was common in many of the serologically tested people. Moreover, this helminth was obtained from the biliary ducts of humans in autopsy.

[Accumulation of some toxic microelements in liver tissue and helminthes obtained from patients with Opisthorhis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) and Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890) invasion].

According to some available reports, it is known that there may be an increased accumulation of some micronutrients in the samples of hair and blood. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the general regularities of accumulation of micronutrients in the samples of liver tissue and helminthic bodies obtained from patients with opisthorchiasis who lived in Tomsk and who had different etiological types of Opisthorchis (O. felineus) and Metorchis (M. bilis). The fact that M. bilis helminthes were present in 15 of 22 liver samples was verified by polymerase chain reaction. As compared with healthy individuals, patients with Opisthorchis invasion (particularly those with mixed Opisthorchis and Metorchis invasion) were found to have an increased liver tissue accumulation of chromium, mercury, cesium, lanthanum, and cobalt.

[Cytogenetic defects in lymphocytes of patients with chronic opisthorchiasis concurrent with Epstein-Barr virus persistence]. / Tsitogeneticheskie narusheniia v limfotsitakh krovi bol'nykh khronicheskim opistorkhozom, soprovozhdaiushchimsia persistentsiei virusa Epshteina-Barr.

Sixty three patients with chronic opisthorchiasis were cytogenetically, serologically, and biochemically studied. Most patients with opisthorchiasis were found to have higher or high titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr viral antigens. There was a direct correlation between the titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen and the count of cytogenetically damaged cells. The majority of opisthorchiasis patients with superinvasion, hepatic, pancreatic, and oropharyngeal diseases showed a great increase in the titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus antigens and a high persistence and in the cytogenetically damaged lymphocytes. Opisthorchiasis patients with high antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigens showed a considerable decrease in the parameters of the peripheral antioxidative system.

[The role of the association of Opisthorchis felineus maritae with the Epstein-Barr virus in the cytogenetic sequelae of an opisthorchiasis infection]. / Rol' assotsiatsii marit Opithorchis felineus s virusom Epshteina--Barr v tsitogeneticheskikh posledstviiakh opistorkhoznoi invazii.

The immunofluorescence analysis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens in the body of Opisthorchis felineus (OF) helminths was carried out. It was found that EBV antigens located in eggs of helminth. Adding of OF antigens and/or EBV to the lymphocyte human cultures of healthy donors can induce a cytogenetic damage in cells. A role of EBV location in opisthorchis eggs in chromosome damage and cancer development is discussed.

[Use of the micronucleus test in the evaluation of cytogenetic state of persons living in the polluted area of the Siberian chemical plant]. / Ispol'zovanie mikroiadernogo testa dlia otsenki sostoianiia tsitogeneticheskogo apparata u liudei, prozhivaiushchikh v zone vliianiia Sibirskogo khimicheskogo kombinata.

We have carried out analysis of the number of blood erythrocytes and lymphocytes with micronuclei in the inhabitants of four settlements located near the place of the accident, which happened at the atomic power station of the Siberian chemical plant (Tomsk-7) on April 6, 1993. In all cases, the people examined showed a considerable increase in the number of cells with micronuclei as compared with the control. We observed the same people for two years and found a gradual decrease in the number of cells with micronuclei. It has been shown in this work, that people born in 1963-1970 have a much higher level of cells with micronuclei, which we tend to regard as a result of the radiation accident at the Siberian chemical plant in 1963. The data we have obtained allow us to conclude that penetration of radionuclides into the human organism in the prenatal and early postnatal periods can lead to the formation of stable clones of erythroid cells with micronuclei and a higher level of erythrocytes with micronuclei, which can remain in the blood for a long time.

[A decrease in the level of erythrocytes with micronuclei under the influence of pyrimidine and thiazolidine derivatives in the blood of persons who came under radiation exposure as a result of the accident at the Siberian Chemical Combine]. / Snizhenie urovnia éritrotsitov s mikroiadrami pod vliianiem proizvodnykh pirimidina i tiazolidina v krovi liudei, popavshikh pod radiatsionnoe vozdeistvie v rezul'tate avarii na Sibirskom khimicheskom kombinate.

The authors have found that pentoxylum (pyrimidine derivative) and leucogenum (thyazolidine derivative) are capable or reducing the number of cells with micronuclei in the blood of people who suffered from the radiation accident at the radiochemical works of the Siberian chemical plant. The most effective decrease in the cells with micronuclei in adults was observed two weeks after treatment, while in children the same result was achieved with leucogenum on the third day.

[The dependence of the incidence of encountering cells with micronuclei in the experimental metastases of rat rhabdomyosarcoma on the duration of the growth and on the size of these metastases]. / Zavisimost' chastoty vstrechaemosti kletok s mikroiadrami v éksperimental'nykh metastazakh rabdomiosarkomy krys ot dlitel'nosti rosta i razmerov étikh metastazov.

Cell suspensions of rat transplantable rhabdomyosarcoma RA-2 were injected to white rats. The experimentally induced lung metastases (ELM) were estimated according to the frequency of micronucleated cells (MNC) that appeared 9-20 days after injection (a. i.). The frequency of MNC in ELM decreased from 2.7% (9 days a. i.) to 0.7% (20 days a. i.). The ELM which were of the same size but were examined at different time after injection had equal frequencies of MNC. At each investigated time after injection the least frequencies of MNC were observed in the ELV of the biggest size. The data provided allow to infer that the growth time and site of ELM may influence the spontaneous karyotype instability rates.

[Relationship between the number of erythrocytes with micronuclei and immunologic status in humans]. / Sviaz' kolichestva éritrotsitov s mikroiadrami s immunologicheskim statusom u cheloveka.

26 persons, having high level of erythrocytes with micronuclei were distinguished among clinically healthy people. While examining their health changes were registered in the systolic and pulse pressures, number of T-suppressors and T-helpers, natural killers, level of immunoglobulins and immune complexes, phagocytosis activity and peroxidases reaction of the leukocytes. Increase in the level of the cytogenetic aberrative lymphocytes was observed in all the cases. DNA-reparative synthesis was reduced only in 5 persons.

[Role of cathepsin D in the appearance of micronuclei in lung cells of mice immunized with influenza vaccine]. / Rol' katepsina D v induktsii mikroiader v kletkakh legkikh myshei, immunizirovannykh vaktsinnym shtammom virusa grippa.

The positive correlation of micronuclei quantity appearance and catepsin D activation in mice cells after immunization by alive influenza vaccine was demonstrated. Activation of proteinase precedes chromosomal aberrations. Catepsin D activation is supposed to lead to proteolysis in achromatic apparatus which results in micronuclei formation.

[Clonal analysis of karyotypic instability and metastatic potential in tumor cell populations]. / Klonal'nyi analiz kaiotipicheskoi nestabil'nosti i metastaticheskogo potentiala v populiatsiiakh opukholevykh kletok,

Rat organospecific transplantable RA-2 rhabdomyosarcoma strains RA-2H and RA-2L were investigated using single cell cloning technique for "Micronuclear containing cell frequency" (MCF) and "Metastatic potential" (MP). The RA-2H was obtained from RA-2 during selection for increasing metastatic potential, whereas the RA-2L was the result of selection in opposite direction. MP was assessed by lung colony formation technique and in the case of RA-2H, it was one hundred times greater than in the case of RA-2L (2490 +/- 280 and 22 +/- 11 lung colonies i.v. after injection of 10 cells, respectively). Average MCE for RA-2H was 3 and for RA-2L 5.3%. Also, significant differences were observed between these substrains in percentage of anaphase and telophase cells with bridges and fragments (24 +/- 4 for RA-2H and 56 +/- 5% for RA-2L, P less than 0.05). The selection of RA-2H clones with high level of MCF was successful. In the population obtained MCF was increased up to 7.8% and MP decreased (79 +/- 44). So, the selection for decreasing of MP led to significant increase in genome instability characteristics and the selection for increasing of MCF--to the abrupt decline of MP, which proved the existence of negative correlation between these two characters in populations studied. It is concluded that correlation between malignancy and genome instability in tumor populations with different levels of malignancy is not, as a rule, positive.