ABSTRACT
Among carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, sulfur and fluorine are both leading constituents of the pharmaceuticals that comprise our medicinal history. In efforts to stimulate the minds of both the general public and expert scientist, statistics were collected from the trends associated with therapeutics spanning 12 disease categories (a total of 1969 drugs) from our new graphical montage compilation: disease focused pharmaceuticals posters. Each poster is a vibrant display of a collection of pharmaceuticals (including structural image, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval date, international nonproprietary name (INN), initial market name, and a color-coded subclass of function) organized chronologically and classified according to an association with a particular clinical indication. Specifically, the evolution and structural diversity of sulfur and the popular integration of fluorine into drugs introduced over the past 50 years are evaluated. The presented qualitative conclusions in this article aim to promote innovative insights into drug development.
Subject(s)
Data Mining , Drug Design , Drug Discovery , Fluorine/chemistry , Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry , Sulfur/chemistry , Animals , Drug Approval , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , United States , United States Food and Drug AdministrationABSTRACT
Ring expansion reactions of strained vinylic heterocyclic substrates have attracted the attention of the synthetic community for decades. Strategic manipulations of these organic architectures enable access to many useful synthetic intermediates. This paper highlights various methods for the ring expansion of vinyloxiranes, -thiiranes, and -aziridines described in the literature from 1964 to 2013.
ABSTRACT
A direct ruthenium-catalyzed radical chloroalkylation of N-acyl oxazolidinones capitalizing on valence tautomerism of titanium enolates has been developed. The chloroalkylation method served as the centerpiece in the enantioselective total synthesis of trichloroleucine-derived marine natural product neodysidenin.
Subject(s)
Anions/chemical synthesis , Dipeptides/chemical synthesis , Thiazoles/chemical synthesis , Titanium/chemistry , Catalysis , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
This microreview provides a compilation of synthetic approaches and total syntheses of pinnatoxin A in a survey of the literature up to early 2010. Pinnatoxin A is the first discovered and representative member of a fascinating group of potent marine toxins that share a spiroimine subunit as a unifying structural element.
ABSTRACT
Among the fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis, the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement occupies a unique position as a powerful, reliable, and well-defined method for the stereoselective construction of carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds. While many other reactions can unite two subunits and create a new bond, the strengths of sigmatropic rearrangements derive from their ability to enable structural reorganization with unmatched build-up of complexity. Recent applications that illustrate [3,3]-sigmatropic processes as a key concept in the synthesis of complex natural products are described in this tutorial review, covering literature from about 2001 through early 2009.
Subject(s)
Biological Products/chemical synthesis , Organic Chemistry Phenomena , Methods , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
Stereoselective preparation of iodoalkenes from vinylsilanes is described. 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol serves as a unique solvent that ensures high yields and stereoselectivities in the iododesilylation of a variety of functionalized substrates.
