ABSTRACT
The possibility to control or even eradicate chorioptes manage by a single herd treatment with EPRINEX Pour-On (dosage: 0.5 mg Eprinomection/kg bodyweight) during pasture season was investigated in a dairy herd of 320 dairy cows. A further aim of the study was to evaluate whether such mid-summer treatment with EPRINEX Pour-On due to its endo-ectocide action would at the same time also result in a metaphylaxis of gastro-intestinal and lung worms and in a reduction of fly infestation. Due to clinical symptoms manage prevalence in the herd prior to treatment was 11 percent. After treatment, clinical symptoms disappeared within 2 months completely and did not re-occur during the subsequent housing period. Chorioptes mites during the entire trial period no longer were detected. The final clinical and parasitological investigation shortly before turn-out the next year (April 1999) demonstrated chorioptes mange to be eradicated clinically and parasitologically. Due to the mid-summer treatment infestation with gastrointestinal helminths also was eliminated and clinical symptoms of helminth infestations during the pasture season no longer were observed. However, at housing in November, low numbers of eggs of gastrointestinal nematodes were detected in 6% of dairy cows, 32% of second-season and 63% of first-season heifers, respectively. Milk yield per cow and day on average increased by 1 litre after treatment with EPRINEX Pour-On. This increase in production is likely a result of the reduction in total parasite burden of lactating cows.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/prevention & control , Diptera , Insecticides/therapeutic use , Ivermectin/analogs & derivatives , Mite Infestations/veterinary , Animal Feed , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/parasitology , Dairying , Female , Insecticides/administration & dosage , Ivermectin/administration & dosage , Ivermectin/therapeutic use , Mite Infestations/prevention & control , PoaceaeSubject(s)
Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/epidemiology , Animals , Anthelmintics/administration & dosage , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/drug therapy , Cattle Diseases/prevention & control , Female , Germany/epidemiology , Male , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/drug therapy , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/prevention & control , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The negative impact of a parasitic infection not only affects the weight gain of the replacement heifer, but also her reproductive performance and hence the productivity of a cow-calf herd. A parasitic infection in the period between weaning and first service can put at risk the continuous weight gain essential for early reproductive maturity at 14-15 months. If, as a herd measurement, the so-called "critical minimum bodyweight" is not achieved by the timing set in the insemination or service plan, negative economic effects result, in the form of prolonged service periods and longer calving patterns. An effective parasite control plan in this critical time frame results in securing a high level of fertility. Such a parasite control programme should be carried out as a strategic measure, taking into account the age of the animal (susceptibility) and the natural risk of infection (pasture contamination). The treatment at the end of the grazing period at the time of housing is of particular importance.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases , Fertility , Parasitic Diseases, Animal , Animals , Antiparasitic Agents/therapeutic use , Body Weight , Cattle , Female , Male , Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology , Parasitic Diseases/prevention & control , Risk Assessment , Sexual Maturation , Weight GainABSTRACT
SDS-PAGE and chromatography of the mange mites Chorioptes bovis and Psoroptes cuniculi and Gasterophilus intestinalis instars revealed a species and stage specific distribution of proteins. This specific protein pattern is responsible for an immune response depending on the course of the parasitic infection. Therefore, identification and isolation of the adequate antigens are necessary for diagnostic purposes.
Subject(s)
Diptera/analysis , Mites/analysis , Proteins/analysis , Animals , Antigens/analysis , Chromatography, Gel , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Larva/analysisABSTRACT
Research into the immunological diagnosis of gasterophilosis. So far there have been no reliable methods of diagnosing equine gasterophilosis intra vitam. Horses from the G.D.R. and the M.P.R. spontaneously infected with Gasterophilus spp. were tested for antibodies by the immunotechniques of counterimmunoelectrophoresis after Pesendorfer, passive haemagglutination and the intradermal test using antigen made from larvae of all 6 Gasterophilus spp. present in the palaearctis. All 3 techniques produced positive results. The intradermal injection produced an immediate reaction. A correlation between the infestation degree of Gasterophilus larvae and the intensity of the immunoreaction tested has not been found so far.
Subject(s)
Diptera/immunology , Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Myiasis/veterinary , Animals , Antibodies/analysis , Antigens/immunology , Cross Reactions , Epitopes , Horses , Intradermal Tests , Myiasis/diagnosisSubject(s)
Animal Husbandry/economics , Animals, Domestic , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Animals , Animals, Domestic/physiology , Body Weight , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/economics , Ectoparasitic Infestations/economics , Ectoparasitic Infestations/prevention & control , Germany, East , Lactation , Milk/metabolism , Pest Control , Reproduction , Sheep , WoolSubject(s)
Animals, Domestic/parasitology , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary , Tropical Climate , Animals , Diagnosis, Differential , Filariasis/veterinary , Insect Bites and Stings/veterinary , Mite Infestations/veterinary , Myiasis/veterinary , Protozoan Infections, Animal , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosisABSTRACT
Intensive research in the field of the immunology of protozoan blood parasitoses has led to a further clarification of the interrelations between parasites and hosts. Progress in the analysis of the antigen character of the parasites and investigations of the immune response form the basis for extending serological diagnosis and improved vaccines. The effectiveness of the vaccines against babesioses could be increased. Vaccines have been tested successfully against tropical theileriosis and East Coast fever. It is only with African trypanosomes that immunoprophylaxis seems to be impossible at present.
Subject(s)
Animals, Domestic/parasitology , Hematologic Diseases/veterinary , Protozoan Infections, Animal , Animals , Animals, Domestic/immunology , Babesiosis/immunology , Cattle , Hematologic Diseases/immunology , Immunization/veterinary , Protozoan Infections/immunology , Serologic Tests/veterinary , Theileriasis/immunology , Trypanosomiasis, African/veterinary , Vaccination/veterinaryABSTRACT
Starting from the clinical symptoms and the pathological-anatomical changes hints are given on the diagnosis of the rinderpest and how to distinguish it from other diseases. The paper discusses the differential diagnosis of the rinderpest with respect to mucosal disease, malignent catarrhal fever, Nairobi sheep disease, salmonellosis, pasteurellosis, and coccidiosis.
Subject(s)
Rinderpest/diagnosis , Animals , Bluetongue/diagnosis , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/diagnosis , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Coccidiosis/diagnosis , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Diagnosis, Differential , Hemorrhagic Septicemia/diagnosis , Hemorrhagic Septicemia/veterinary , Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/diagnosis , Malignant Catarrh/diagnosis , Nairobi Sheep Disease/diagnosis , Parasitic Diseases/diagnosis , Parasitic Diseases, Animal , Salmonella Infections, Animal/diagnosis , Sheep , Stomatitis/diagnosis , Stomatitis/veterinaryABSTRACT
Histological examination of 187 tumours from 98 hens (laying hybrids of various lines, age 80-123 weeks) showed that highly-differentiated tubulo-alveolar adenocarcinoma was present in 95% of the birds; in 20% it had a scirrhus structure. Histological and ultrastructural features of these carcinomas and their tendency to form secretory granules pointed to an origin from the protein-secreting part of the oviduct (magnum). In the remaining 5% of birds there were non-specific adenocarcinomas (probably ovarian carcinoma) and mesotheliomas.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/veterinary , Chickens , Poultry Diseases/pathology , Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar/pathology , Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar/veterinary , Animals , Connective Tissue/pathology , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Intestinal Neoplasms/pathology , Intestinal Neoplasms/veterinary , Lymphatic Diseases/pathology , Mesentery/pathology , Mesothelioma/pathology , Mesothelioma/veterinary , Oviducts/pathologyABSTRACT
The direct fluorescent antibody technique was applied to blood smears and organ impression smears from guinea-pigs killed at various times during 13 weeks following nasal infection with a bovine strain of Chlamydia. Antigen inclusions were demonstrated one hour after infection in blood granulocytes, after 3 hours in most of the organs examined and after 6-12 hours in all the organs. Antigen was present throughout the period of observation in blood smears and samples from nasal mucosa, trachea, lung, small intestine, spleen and liver. It seemed that polymorphonuclear granulocytes played an important part in the pathogenesis of generalized chlamydial infection. In the case of intranasal inoculation, the nasal mucosa was evidently the site of the initial infection and proliferation of the agent, and the origin of primary chlamydaemia. For the initiation and maintenance of the secondary period of blood infection, the lungs and trachea were the principal site of multiplication of the agent; spleen, intestinal mucosa and CNS were also involved to a lesser extent. The antigen content of lung, trachea, nasal mucosa and spleen at each stage of infection was generally correlated with the extent and intensity of the inflammatory reaction.
Subject(s)
Chlamydia Infections/veterinary , Animals , Antigens/analysis , Central Nervous System/immunology , Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Chlamydophila psittaci/immunology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Guinea Pigs , Intestinal Mucosa/immunology , Lung/immunology , Nasal Mucosa/immunology , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/veterinary , Spleen/immunology , Trachea/immunologyABSTRACT
The changes that occurred following nasal instillation of a bovine strain of Chlamydia psittaci were characterized by hypertrophy and proliferation of epithelial cells and exudates containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes, with acute bronchopneumonia and less intense inflammatory reactions in nasal and tracheal mucosa, spleen and pulmonary lymph nodes. The intestines, liver, kidney and brain were scarcely affected. There was little prospect of complete recovery from the clinically mild, or even subclinical, pneumonia within the period of observation since the causal agent was present continuously from the 12th hour to the 91st day after infection.
Subject(s)
Chlamydia Infections/veterinary , Animals , Bronchopneumonia/pathology , Bronchopneumonia/veterinary , Chlamydia Infections/pathology , Chlamydophila psittaci , Epithelial Cells , Epithelium/pathology , Guinea Pigs , Hypertrophy , Lung , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Remission, Spontaneous , Respiratory Tract Infections/pathology , Spleen/pathologyABSTRACT
Tracheal inoculation of bovine strains of Bedsonia was often followed by inflammatory processes in lung, trachea, nasal mucosa and also spleen, lymph nodes and brain. Lesions in the duct system and alveoli of the lung consisted of exudates containing neutrophilic granulocytes and proliferation of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The initial changes were evidently located in the bronchioli. Elementary bodies were present in variable numbers. The formation of lesions seemed to be influenced by route of infection and concentration of the causal organisms in the inoculum.