ABSTRACT
The work opens possibilities of the of modifications of the developed at the Laboratory systemic-integrative psychophysiological approach to study of the age-related organization or of deviation from norm in formation of superslow informational-controlling brain systems participating in mechanisms of regulation of the wakefulness level and of cognitive activity in the 5-7-year old healthy children and in children of the same age group with retardation of psychic and speech development of the cerebral-organic genesis. There are disclosed peculiarities of organization of: (a) cortical-brainstem and limbic-reticular mechanisms of regulation of the level of wakefulness; (b) suprasegmentary mechanisms of autonomic, hemodynamic, and oxygen-dependent energy supply of the wakefulness level in the examined children's contingent. There are substantiated concepts about interrelations of peculiarities of the level of actual development of emotional and cognitive spheres with age-related peculiarities or disturbances of formation of mechanisms of regulation of the wakefulness level, its autonomic and hemodynamic provision as well as of the oxygen-dependent energetic potential.
Subject(s)
Brain/physiopathology , Cognition/physiology , Intellectual Disability/physiopathology , Wakefulness/physiology , Brain/growth & development , Child , Child, Preschool , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Female , Humans , Learning/physiology , Male , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Speech Disorders/physiopathologyABSTRACT
In the review one of actual problems of psychophysiology in studying a phenomenon of integration of mechanisms of regulation of state of a brain and features of the organization is discussed by a brain of cognitive activity. Basic value of results of long-term researches of academician N.P. Bechterevoj and of her school is opened in the field of neurophysiology of functional states as bases of the organization of mental activity in conditions of direct, long and sparing contact to a cortical and subcortical structures of a brain, with the help long-term intracerebral electrodes. Arguments about a commensurability and complementary value similar on amplitud-time parameters slow and superslow gradual changes of neurophysiological processes registered simultaneously in identified zones of subcortical structures of a brain and with removal from a surface of a head in cortical projections of basic integrativity of the centres are submitted. Representations about a brain as difficultly organized "swimming" many-contour, neurodinamic informational-controlling suprasystem with hierarchically, probability a principle of the organization different on speeds and intensity of processes of the ability to live participating in maintenance of a condition of rest, mental conditions and cognitive activity are formulated and argued. At the limited set universal neurodinamic "languages", the brain has the multiregister mechanism of regulation of conditions and selectivity of mechanisms of the integration providing the contribution differing on information maintenance gradual neurophysiological of processes of different levels of the structurally functional organization in formation of brain systems of maintenance of concrete kinds of cognitive activity.
Subject(s)
Brain Mapping/methods , Brain/physiology , Cognition/physiology , Electroencephalography/methods , Psychophysiology/trends , Humans , Motor Activity/physiology , NeurophysiologyABSTRACT
In work results of research of features of infringement superslow cortical-truncal, limbic-reticular and upsegmentary mechanisms of regulation of a level of wakefulness at children of 6-7 years with a syndrome of deficiency of attention and hyperactivity and healthy children, pupils of 1 class of a comprehensive school with different type of psychological adaptation are generalized. At use system-integrativity psychophysiology the approach features are established: a) organization emotional-motivational and cognitive spheres; b) psychophysiology mechanisms of formation of adaptive reactions at tactile interaction about earlier unknown alive object--a dolphin at the surveyed contingent of healthy and ill children.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological/physiology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Brain/physiology , Cognition/physiology , Wakefulness/physiology , Animals , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Case-Control Studies , Child , Dolphins , Female , Human-Animal Bond , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
There are summarized literature data and results of many-year Laboratory studies disclosing principles of multiform spatial-temporal organization of different by rates neurophysiologic brain processes as the universal "language" of its informational-controlling functions. Current concepts of electrogenesis and physiological significance of ratios of gradual changes of biopotentials and impulse activity of neurons are considered in studies of cerebral mechanisms of regulation of normal and pathological states, organization of human psychic activity. Proposed and argumented is the concept of probability principle of hierarchical organization of different by rates neurophysiologic processes of the brain zones, structures, and areas in formation of the brain systems participating in provision of the higher psychic functions and states. It is proposed to discuss the concept of the brain as the "swimming", many-contour, neurodynamic informational-controlling suprasystem with universal, hierarchically organized neurodynamic structures--"functional organs" after A. A. Ukhtomskii (1978), of which formation provides an extensive informational brain capacity and a large specter of adaptive possibilities of the human organism.
Subject(s)
Brain/physiology , Electrophysiological Phenomena/physiology , Electrophysiology/methods , Mental Processes/physiology , Nervous System Physiological Phenomena , Electroencephalography , HumansSubject(s)
Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Deep Brain Stimulation/methods , Learning Disabilities/diagnosis , Learning Disabilities/therapy , Brain/physiopathology , Child , Cognition , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Combined Modality Therapy , Emotions , Female , Humans , Learning Disabilities/physiopathology , Male , Treatment Outcome , WakefulnessSubject(s)
Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology , Language Development Disorders/physiopathology , Verbal Behavior , Wakefulness , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Efficiency of combined therapy with the use of transcranial micropolarization developed by the authors was analyzed in 30 children, aged 4-6 years, with speech delay and general mental impairment. In 60-80% of the cases, a high therapeutic effect of the new method has been achieved due to accelerated development of communicative behavior, speech and motor functions formation, increase of attention stability and improvement of perceptive and productivity processes of cognitive activity.
Subject(s)
Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods , Psychomotor Disorders/therapy , Speech Disorders/therapy , Child , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Psychomotor Disorders/complications , Skull , Speech Disorders/complications , Speech Therapy/methods , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Adaptation, Physiological , Central Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Central Nervous System Diseases/psychology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology , Adaptation, Psychological , Brain/blood supply , Brain/physiology , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Child , Emotions , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Schools , Stress, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
A number of factors were shown to affect human functional state: a decrease in the tolerance of transitory hypoxia, an enhanced excitability in the brain stem structures, etc., with the aid of infraslow electrical processes.
