ABSTRACT
AIM: to compare the results of treatment of patients with acute obstructive calculous pyelonephritis, who underwent to retroperitoneoscopic procedure, with patients, who underwent to drainage of the collecting system by means of ureteral stent or nephrostomy tube as the first stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 121 patients were treated from 2011 to 2019. Of these, 78 patients were included in the main group. The stones were located in the ureteropelvic junction (n = 20) and the upper and middle ureter (n = 58). The average size of the stone was 12.9 +/- 4.8 mm. Preliminary upper urinary tract drainage was not carried out and the stone was removed completely. The group 2 consisted of 26 people. The stones were located in the upper (n = 18) and the middle ureter (n = 8); the average size was 9 +/- 2.8 mm. Renal drainage was done using ureteral stent and when pyelonephritis resolved, ureterolithotripsy was performed. The group 3 was represented by 17 patients. All stones were located in the ureteropelvic junction. The average size was 20.3 +/- 10.7 mm. Renal drainage was done using percutaneous nephrostomy; when there were no inflammatory changes, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy was performed. RESULTS: In the main group, normalization of body temperature and resolution of inflammatory changes in the blood and urine occurred earlier. The stone was removed completely and there were no residual fragments. Period of rehabilitation was are also significantly shorter than in groups 2 and 3. The retroperitoneoscopic method was more effective and safer for the treatment of patients with acute obstructive pyelonephritis caused by large stones located in the upper or middle ureter and ureteropelvic junction.
Subject(s)
Kidney Calculi/therapy , Lithotripsy , Nephrostomy, Percutaneous , Pyelonephritis/therapy , Ureter , Ureteral Calculi , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The severity of disease caused by influenza A infection depends not only on biological characteristics of the virus but also on the number of viral particles than penetrate the body. T- and B-lymphocytes as well as monocytes (macrophages) play a key role in the development of cell-based and humoral immunity as well as influenza virus elimination from the body. The present study describes the effect of influenza A virus infection on cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human cultured cell lines of T-, B-lymphocytic and monocytic origin infected with various multiplicity of infection (moi). Low moi of the virus stimulated cell proliferation; maximal effect has been registered 3-4 days after infection. But the fate of T-cells, B-cells and monocytes after initial infection was different: Jurkat cells continued intense proliferation while proliferation of NC-37, THP-1 and U-937 cells lowered. Prolonged (for 3 passages) cultivation of Jurkat, NC-37 and U-937 cell lines has shown that infection of these cell lines not only with low but also with medium and high moi also leads to stimulation of proliferation. Using a variety of methods for the detection of viral reproduction has clearly shown that infection of non-permissive human T-, B-cells and monocytes with influenza A virus leads to latent infection. So, low moi interferes with normal formation of viral particles, which in turn might stimulate cell proliferation and then be followed by induction of apoptosis. Antiviral drags rimantadine and ribavirin suppressed virus-induced cell proliferation; at the same time, induction of apoptosis was suppressed only by rimantadine and was enhanced by ribavirin. The data obtained provide strong support for the role of influenza A virus in the observed effects.
