Development and Evaluation of Nursing Clinical Practice Education Using M-Learning.

This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of nursing practice education using mobile learning or m-learning for nursing students. A nonequivalent control group post-test design was used. Overall, 42 nursing students participated in the study. A three-week nursing practice education program was developed using the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. The course was implemented on the basis of Gagne's nine instructional situations. The findings demonstrated improvements in clinical competency (t = 7.44, p < 0.001) and problem solving (t = 2.29, p = 0.028). Accordingly, the study recommends introducing m-learning in nursing practice education using tablet PCs, as part of a newer nursing practicum training strategy that takes into account the factors identified in this study. It is also suggested that a continuous m-learning approach and development plan for nursing students be prepared to achieve technically advanced nursing practice education.

Developing and Evaluating an Online Post-Traumatic Growth Program for Firefighters.

We evaluated how an online post-traumatic growth program affected rumination, social support, and post-traumatic growth. We recruited 33 firefighters from two Korean provinces and employed a nonequivalent control group pretest-post-test design. We administered the pretest for the intervention group (n = 16), consisting of eight sessions with an online workbook and messenger group counseling. We conducted post-tests immediately after the program and 4 weeks later. Post-traumatic growth and social support increased significantly. There were no statistically significant differences for intrusive or deliberate rumination. Psychological support programs should be developed to reflect firefighters' work characteristics and needs, including programs designed to induce rumination.

An intervention study of a combined intervention of positioning and hand massage in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation.

AIM: To identify the effectiveness of a combined intervention of 25° upper body elevation and hand massage in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pre-test-post-test design. METHODS: A total of 46 participants were assigned to an intervention group (N = 21) and a control group (N = 25). To test the effectiveness of the combined intervention, the major variables were low back pain and discomfort, including physical, psychological and environmental factors. RESULTS: The control group had low back pain, and the physical, psychological and environmental discomfort scores increased over time, whereas the experimental group showed low back pain, and the physical, psychological and environmental discomfort scores were statistically significantly decreased. The combined intervention can be applied in clinical practice not only in patients who have undergone radiofrequency catheter ablation but also in those who require an immobile position due to puncture of a femoral blood vessel.

Development and Evaluation of the Course on Global Health Nursing for Indian Nursing Students.

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the course on Global Health Nursing for Indian nursing students, intended to introduce the course as a selective course in the nursing curriculum. METHODS: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test design was carried out. The study participants were fifty final grade nursing students, considered as an experimental (n = 25) and control group (n = 25). The participants recruited by purposive sampling were fifty 4th grade nursing students (experimental 25, control 25) at St. X College of Nursing, India. The course on Global Health Nursing was developed by using the ADDIE model, and the duration of the course was about 16 h over three weeks. The course was implemented based on Gagné's instructional method. Data were collected by self-perceived scales of Global Health Nursing before and after the course, the participants' opinions, and feedback providing comments about the course. RESULTS: The study results showed improvement in knowledge (F = 8.48; p < 0.001), skills (F = 96.14; p < 0.001), and performance on Global Health Nursing (F = 5.50; p < 0.001) and was statistically significant. Moreover, the participants described that they were satisfied with the quality of teaching-learning and achieved the learning goals. CONCLUSION: The outcome of this study could be extended to the existing nursing curriculum and would be modified to formulate a standard module in the curriculum of the Indian nursing system. The study offers implications for different fields of nursing, including nursing education, research, and practice in India.

The Development and Validation of a Perceived Nursing Support Scale for Mothers of Preterm Infants.

PURPOSE: Many studies have maintained that nursing support is necessary and essential for mothers of preterm infants; however, the perceived nursing support for mothers of preterm infants has not been sufficiently measured. This study aimed to develop a perceived nursing support scale for mothers of preterm infants (PNSS-MP). METHODS: The preliminary items of the PNSS-MP were developed through a literature review and in-depth interviews with mothers of preterm infants. Content and face validities were assessed by experts and mothers of preterm infants. A pilot study was conducted to confirm the feasibility and comprehension of the scale. To validate the PNSS-MP, 223 mothers of preterm infants were surveyed. Exploratory factor analyses were performed to confirm construct validity. Convergent and discriminant validities were analyzed using a multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix. Reliability was tested by calculating Cronbach's α and performing split-half testing. RESULTS: The PNSS-MP consisted of 27 items and was categorized into five factors, explaining 65.3% of the total variance. The factors were named: "baby care support" (7 items), "mental care support" (6 items), "maternal role support" (6 items), "introducing resources support" (4 items), and "information delivery support" (4 items). The overall reliability of the scale was .95. CONCLUSION: The PNSS-MP adequately reflected the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in South Korea. Additionally, the PNSS-MP proved relatively valid and reliable; therefore, it can be used to measure nursing support in the NICU.

Development and Validation of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Nursing Educators' Role in Sri Lanka.

This study develops a scale that assesses the self-efficacy of Sri Lankan nursing educators in assuming the roles of nursing educators and validates its psychometric properties. This methodological research followed the DeVellis Scale Development Model, which involves six steps of instrument development and evaluation. Preliminary items were determined through a literature review and focus group interviews with nine Sri Lankan nursing experts. The experts, comprising five South Korean and two Sri Lankan nursing professors, tested the scale's content validity. Moreover, 15 nursing educators participated in a pilot study, and 126 educators took part in the main survey. To evaluate the scale's validity and reliability, the data from a preliminary questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS/IBM and AMOS 24.0. Further, construct validity was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and reliability was tested by calculating Cronbach's alpha and performing split-half testing. Finally, 39 items under four themes, "clinical mentorship" (18 items), "research" (10), "teaching" (6), and "advising" (5), explained 63.5% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis results revealed an acceptable model fit for the final scale. The developed scale achieved a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.97. Thus, the psychometrical properties of the scale measuring Sri Lankan nursing educators' self-efficacy were comprehensively evaluated and found acceptable. The developed scale will be useful in guideline development or studies regarding the self-efficacy of nursing educators' roles in developing countries with similar context to Sri Lanka.

Nursing support perceived by mothers of preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit in South Korea.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to clarify and define the concept of nursing support as perceived by mothers of preterm infants. METHODS: The research was conducted using Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's hybrid model. Sixteen articles were analyzed during the theoretical phase. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 mothers of preterm infants in the fieldwork phase. In the final analytical phase, the attributes of nursing support were defined. RESULTS: There were four themes and 10 attributes of nursing support as perceived by mothers of preterm infants. Professional care and emotional care for the baby were identified as attributes of baby care support. Information related to the disease, inpatient environment, baby's daily hospital life, and mother-centered care were identified as attributes of information delivery support. Empathy for mothers and therapeutic communication with the mother were identified as attributes for mental care support. Lastly, providing a chance for the mother to take care of the baby and reinforcement of the maternal role were identified as attributes of maternal role support. CONCLUSION: The 10 attributes of this study could provide a base for the development of a nursing support instrument and practical guidelines for mothers in neonatal intensive care units.

Effectiveness of a combined obesity prevention program in South Korea for children from low-income families that included primary caregiver participation.

PURPOSE: Obesity among children from low-income families is becoming a social problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an obesity prevention program that included physical activity, nutrition education, behavioral modification, and primary caregiver participation components among children from low-income families. METHODS: The study analyzed a nonequivalent control group using a pretest-posttest design. A total of 77 children were recruited from six community childcare centers using purposive sampling. For the intervention group (n=40), the pretest was administered before the combined intervention program involving the participants' primary caregivers was conducted for 8 weeks. The posttest was conducted immediately after the program and again four weeks after the program. RESULTS: Flexibility (F=4.64, p=.020), muscular endurance (F=11.22, p<.001), nutritional knowledge scores (F=4.79, p=.010), body image satisfaction scores (F=4.74, p=.012), and self-esteem scores (F=3.81, p=.029) showed significant differences and interactions between group and time for the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSION: Strategies to actively engage the primary caregivers of low-income families in children's obesity programs are needed. Obesity prevention programs for children based on the program in this study should be routinely developed, and continuing attention should be given to children from low-income families.

Pediatric Nurses' Perspectives on Family-Centered Care in Sri Lanka: A Mixed-Methods Study.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate nurses' perceptions and performance of family-centered care (FCC) at a children's hospital in Sri Lanka and to explore the feasibility of implementing FCC in the context of the Sri Lankan healthcare system. METHODS: A convergent, parallel, mixed-methods design was applied to understand Sri Lankan nurses' perspectives on FCC. In total, 157 nurses working at a large teritagy children's hospital responded to a self-report survey and 18 nurses participated in focus group interviews. RESULTS: Of the factors of FCC, family participation in caring for children received the highest score (4.09±0.51) for perceptions, and information-sharing received the highest score (3.54±0.55) for performance. The qualitative data revealed the following five themes: (a) importance of the family in caring for children; (b) helping families during children's hospitalization; (c) taking steps to implement FCC, even with imperfect knowledge; (d) barriers in the current situation; and (e) suggested strategies to promote FCC. CONCLUSION: Participants endorsed the concept of FCC and demonstrated some aspects of it in their day-to-day practice. The results indicate a clear knowledge deficit and several challenges, which need to be addressed to effectively implement FCC.

What Are the Barriers at Home and School to Healthy Eating?: Overweight/Obese Child and Parent Perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Most studies that have investigated factors influencing eating habits among obese children have focused mainly on individual or interpersonal factors and applied quantitative research methods. PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to identify the barriers in home and school settings that hamper healthy eating in overweight and obese children in South Korea. METHODS: Focus group interviews were conducted with 15 overweight/obese children and 15 parents. A standard manual with open-ended questions was developed. Content analysis was used to identify key findings. RESULTS: Participants were aware of the importance of home and school environments in shaping children's eating habits. Five major barriers, respectively, at home and at school emerged from the data. At home, the food preferences of parents affected the eating habits of their children. Moreover, parents worried about providing differentiated diets for siblings and about the permissiveness of grandparents toward grandsons. Furthermore, working parents preferred easy-to-prepare instant foods and said that their children ate overly quickly. At school, children cited time pressures, poor cafeteria environments, and ineffective nutrition education as barriers, whereas parents worried about inconsistent management by teachers and the unsafe food environment around the school. CONCLUSIONS: These environment-related barriers may be resolved through changes in the behavior of children, parents, and teachers as well as through the continued efforts of schools, community stakeholders, and policymakers, all of whose cooperation is essential to fostering a healthy food environment for children.