ABSTRACT
Groundwater is increasingly becoming a permanent and steady water source for the growth and reproduction of desert plant species due to the frequent channel cutoff events in arid inland river basins. Although it is widely acknowledged that the accessibility of groundwater has a significant impact on plant species maintaining their ecological function, little is known about the water use strategies of desert plant species to the groundwater availability in Daryaboyi Oasis, Central Tarim Basin. This study initially determined the desirable and stressing groundwater depths based on ecological and morphological parameters including UAV-based fractional vegetation cover (FVC) images and plant growth status. Then, leaf δ13C values of small- and big-sized plants were analyzed to reveal the water use strategies of two dominant woody species (Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima) in response to the groundwater depth gradient. The changes in FVC and growth status of plants suggested that the actual groundwater depth should be kept at an appropriate range of about 2.1-4.3 m, and the minimum groundwater depth should be less than 7 m. This will ensure the protection of riparian woody plants at a normal growth state and guarantee the coexistence of both plant types. Under a desirable groundwater condition, water alternation (i.e., flooding and rising groundwater depth) was the main factor influencing the variation of plant water use efficiency. The obtained results indicated that big-sized plants are more salt-tolerant than small ones, and T. ramosissima has strong salt palatability than P. euphratica. With increasing groundwater depth, P. euphratica continuously decreases its growth status to maintain hydraulic efficiency in drought condition, while T. ramosissima mainly increases its water use efficiency first and decreases its growth status after then. Besides, in a drought condition, T. ramosissima has strong adaptability than P. euphratica. This study will be informative for ecological restoration and sustainable management of Daryaboyi Oasis and provides reference materials for future research programs.
ABSTRACT
Random sampling is an important approach to field vegetation surveys. However, sampling surveys in desert areas are difficult because determining an appropriate quadrat size that represent the sparse and unevenly distributed vegetation is challenging. In this study, we present a methodology for quadrat size optimization based on low-altitude high-precision unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. Using the Daliyaboyi Oasis as our study area, we simulated random sampling and analyzed the frequency distribution and variation in the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) index of the samples. Our results show that quadrats of 50 m × 50 m size are the most representative for sampling surveys in this location. The method exploits UAV technology to rapidly acquire vegetation information and overcomes the shortcomings of traditional methods that rely on labor-intensive fieldwork to collect species-area relationship (SAR) data. Our method presents two major advantages: (1) speed and efficiency stemming from the application of UAV, which also effectively overcomes the difficulties posed in vegetation surveys by the challenging desert climate and terrain; (2) the large sample size enabled by the use of a sampling simulation. Our methodology is thus highly suitable for selecting the optimal quadrat size and making accurate estimates, and can improve the efficiency and accuracy of field vegetation sampling surveys.
