[Fibrinolytic activity of bacteria from Pseudomonas genus]. / O fibrinoliticheskoi aktivnosti bakterii roda Pseudomonas.

A strain of the genera Pseudomonas genera was found to possess hemolytic, fibrinolytic and thrombolytic activities. The fibrinolytic activity of the lyophilized unpurified preparation was 900 conventional units/mg. After incubation in the blood plasma, the activity completely remained. The preparation (1 microgram/ml, 750 micrograms of protein) obtained by precipitation with ammonium sulfate (80% saturation) completely lysed in vitro human blood thrombi for 50 min. The strain studied can find practical applications in medical industry.

[Activity of endopolygalacturonase in culture fluid of experimentally prepared polyploid cultures of Saccharomyces vini]. / Aktivnost' éndopoligalakturonazy v kul'tural'noi zhidkosti éksperimental'no poluchennykh poliploidnykh kul'tur Saccharomyces vini.

The action of colchicine solutions on a diploid Saccharomyces vini culture used in viniculture yielded three polyploid strains. The strains differ from the parent culture in their cell morphology and a higher endopolygalacturonase activity.

[The esterase activity of a pigmented bacterial group belonging to the Pseudomonas genus]. / Esteraznaia aktivnost' pigmentnoi gruppy bakterii roda Pseudomonas.

Bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonas genus and isolated from zonal soils in different geographical zones of the USSR as well as from the rhizosphere of cultivated and wild plants were tested for their esterase activity. The studied collection of cultures included 205 strains of different pigmented Pseudomonas species which, according to the conventional taxonomy, were assigned to the so-called "Pseudomonas fluorescens complex". As was shown in this study, many Pseudomonas species are potential producers of nonspecific esterases. P. maltophilia and P. geniculata synthesizing pyomelanin have the highest activity of esterase. The activity of esterase correlates with the formation of a melanin-like pigment in Pseudomonas cultures. It also correlates with the species to which a culture belongs, which makes it possible to use this property as an additional criterion for the identification of Pseudomonas species.

[Effect of inhibitors and cations on the proteolytic activity of Bacillus mesentericus]. / Vliianie ingibitorov i nekotorykh kationov na proteoliticheskuiu aktivnost' Bacillus mesentericus.

The effect of some inhibitors and bivalent metal cations (Mn2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Co2+ and Cu2+) on the proteolytic activity of two Bacillus mesentericus strains (strain 8 and strain 64 M-variant) was comparatively studied. The both enzymes were shown to be serine proteinases, but the proteinase of strain 64 was also a metal-dependent enzyme. Metal ions exerted no essential effect on the proteinase of strain 8. Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions stimulated the proteinase activity of strain 64 whereas Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions inhibited it in the case of three substrates. Therefore, the two proteinases are different.

[Fibrinolytic activity of natural variants of Bacillus mesentericus]. / O fibrinoliticheskoi aktivnosti estestvennykh variantov Bacillus mesentericus.

The natural variability of the ability to synthesize proteinases by Bacillus mesentericus 64 was studied. The population of this strain was shown to be heterogeneous. Three types of variants (S, M and P) differed in the morphology of their colonies and in the culture characteristics from the typical colonies of the parent strain. The caseinolytic activity of the M variant was three times as high as that of the parent strain, and it also had an elevated fibrinolytic activity and a high rate of blood thrombolysis in experiments in vitro. The rate of proteinase synthesis correlated with the morphological types of sporogenic bacteria.

[Fibrinolytic activity of Bacillus mesentericus strains]. / O fibrinoliticheskoi aktivnosti nekotorykh shtammov Bacillus mesentericus.

Two Bacillus mesentericus strains with a high activity of proteolytic enzymes having the thrombolytic action were selected from a group of its collection strains. The effect of different carbon sources on the synthesis of proteases was studied. A growth medium containing potato broth (10%), peptone (0.5%) and lactose (0.5%) allowed one to obtain a cultural broth dissolving human blood clots within 2.5 to 3 hours in experiments in vitro.

[Activity of pollulan synthesis by diploid culture of Pollularia pollulans on media with different sources of carbon]. / Aktivnost' sinteza pullulana diploidnoi kul'turoi Pullularia pullulans na sredakh s razlichnymi istochnikami ugleroda.

The diploid culture of Pullularia pullulans 1125(4)(13) synthesizes pullulan from different carbon sources. The activity is highest on a mineral medium with melassa (23.18 g/L). Pullulan is accumulated in great effectiveness on a medium with corn flour hydrolysate (48.23% of the carbon source amount).

[Mutagenic action of acenaphthene on haploid and diploid cultures of Candida scottii]. / Mutagennoe deistvie atsenaftena na gaploidnuiu i diploidnuiu kul'tury Candida scotii.

Acenaphthene used as vapour increases the frequency of morphological mutations as well as mutations yielding strains with a reduced activity of respiration in Candida scottii. The diploid culture has more mutants than the haploid culture. The frequency of mutants depends on the duration of acenaphthene action. Cells more resistant to the action of acenaphthene vapour are selected in the haploid culture when C. scottii cells are transferred many times into new wort drops. As a result, the frequency of mutations decreases. When the diploid culture is exposed to the action of acenaphthene vapour for a longer time, the frequency of mutations rises. Apparently, the diploid culture has a lower activity of reparation of premutational damages than the haploid culture and therefore the number of mutant cells increases.

[Variability of cultures of Pullularia pullulans with different ploidy levels]. / Izmenchivost' kul'tur Pullularia pullulans, imeiushchikh raznyi uroven' ploidnosti.

As the level of ploidy rises in Pullularia pullulans, this causes an increase in the frequency of spontaneous and UV-induced auxotrophic mutants as well as mutants with a modified respiration activity while the frequency of morphological mutants decreases. The latter can arise as a result of recessive and dominant mutations. A higher frequency of morphological mutants in the haploid may be result of recessive mutations. It is likely that the frequency of dominant mutations increases in cultures with a higher level of ploidy since, as the difference between the frequency of UV-induced mutants and the frequency of spontaneous morphological mutants increases.

[Survival of bacteria in the Artificial Mars unit]. / Vyzhivaemost' bakterii v ustanovke "Iskusstvennyi Mars".

The survival of bacteria was studied in the "Artificial Mars" apparatus reproducing a complex of physical extreme factors. Bacteria isolated from microbiocenoses subjected to the action of chemical extreme factors (hydrogen peroxide, catalytically active minerals) were shown to be most resistant among soil heterotrophic bacteria. Cells in the resting state caused by dehydration survived better than vegetative cells. It has been concluded that microorganisms quite different in their physiological requirements and ecological properties can exist in the habitats extreme for life conditions.

[Action of dehydration on the survival, morphology and ultrastructure of the conidia of air-borne and culture collection strains of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum]. / Deistvie degidratatsii na vyzhivaemost', morfologiiu i ul'trastrukturu konidii atmosfernykh i kollektsionnykh shtammov Aspergillus niger i Penicillium chrysogenum.

The effect of dehydration on the morphology and fine structure of conidia was studied with the atmospheric and collection strains of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum. Dehydration did not cause changes in the structure of most conidia. However, destructive changes in the conidial wall and membrane were found in some conidia. The cytological changes of conidia were either reversible or irreversible, which determined their survival rate during dehydration.

[Action of desiccation and low temperatures on mesospheric strains of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum]. / Deistvie vysushivaniia i nizkikh temperatur na mezosfernye shtammy Aspergillus niger i Penicillium chrysogenum.

Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum strains were isolated from the mesosphere and characterised. Their properties significant for migration in the atmosphere are discussed. The possibility of the anabiotic state of these fungi under the action of dehydration and low temperatures was studied as well as the degree of their resistance to the aforementioned extreme factors.

[Resistance of mesospheric microorganisms to periodic freezing--thawing]. / Ustoichivost' mikroorganizmov mezosfery k periodicheskomu zamorazhivaniiu-ottaivaniiu.

The object of this work was to study cytological changes caused by periodic freezing-thawing in the conidia of the fungi Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from the mesosphere as well as in the conidia of the same species taken from the collection of microorganisms. The conidia from the mesosphere were found to be highly resistant to the treatment. As was shown by electron microscopy, the outer "backbone" layer of the spore envelope broke down and the membranes of the plasmalemma stratified after ten cycles in A. niger and P. chrysogenum. The percentage of conidia with the damaged ultrastructural organization was higher in mutants of these cultures.

[Comparative study of the pullulans synthesized by Pollularia (Aureobasidium) pullulans strains of different ploidies]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie pullulanov, sinteziruemykh shtammami Pullularia (Aureobasidium) pullulans raznogo urovnia ploidnosti.

Pullularia pullulans strains of different ploidy synthesize pullulans similar in their characteristics to those described in literature. These are glucans whose glucose residues are linked with alpha(1 leads to 4) and alpha(1 leads to 6) bonds in the proportion of 2.2:1. The pullulans differ from one another in their water solubility, molecular mass and in the ability to be cleaved by alpha-amylase and dextranase. The minor structural modifications of pullulan molecules in the polyploid strains as compared to the pullulan synthesized by the parent haploid culture are caused, apparently, by mutations induced with mitotic poisons.

[Electron microscopic study of Bacillus stearothermophilus lysis in stab cultivation]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe izuchenie lizisa Bacillus stearothermophilus pri glubinnom kul'tivirovanii.

Both vegetative Bacillus stearothermophilus cells 3 and cells with mature spores undergo lysis during submerged cultivation in media with starch and maltose as was shown by light and electron microscopy. This can be caused by enzymes lysing cell wall and synthesized at the beginning of the culture growth. The fine structure of the strain 3 spore has certain peculiarities: it contains no exosporium and the inner envelope has a heterogeneous structure.

[Use of a method of concentrating microorganisms in an electric field in the search for life in Mars]. / Primenenie metoda kontsentrirovaniia mikrooranizmov v élektricheskom pole dlia poiskov zhizni na Marse.

The paper describes a technique of concentrating microorganisms from filtrates obtained from mixtures of the Martian ground analogs and desert soil using electroretention on polarizable carriers (sterilized cotton wool or gauze). The degree of retention can reach 99.9% at a field intensity of 50 V/cm and a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. A high concentration of microorganisms in a suspension can be reached when the current is switched off and a small volume of the fresh nutrient medium is passed through the suspension.

[Natural variability of Actinomyces lavendulae, a producer of cholesterol oxidase]. / Estestvennaia izmenchivost' Actinomyces lavendulae--produtsenta kholesterinoksidazy.

Five variants of Actinomyces lavendulae differing in the morphology of their colonies were found when natural variability of this organism was studied. A correlation was established between the colony morphology of the variants and their activity of cholesterol decomposition. The variants forming colonies of the basic and folded type had the highest activity. A variant with an elevated activity of cholesterol oxidase was selected. In order to maintain the high activity of the culture, it is necessary to examine its variability and to select variants corresponding to the basic type in their morphology.

[Characteristics of microorganisms subjected to the action of a vacuum]. / O nekotorykh osobennostiakh mikroorganizmov, podvergnutykh deistviiu vakuuma.

The object of this work was to study the effect of vacuum on Endomyces magnusii, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium luteum. The zone of tolerance to the water activity was determined for the intact cells of E. magnusii and for the cells subjected to vacuum. Suspensions of the above cells were studied by UV spectroscopy with the aim of detecting changes in the permeability of cell membrane after the action of vacuum.