[General anesthesia and intensive care for patients surgically treated for deep neck odontogenic infections]. / Osobennosti anesteziologicheskogo obespecheniia i intensivnoi terapii bol'nykh pri khirurgicheskom lechenii odontogennykh flegmon dna polosti rta.

The study objectives were to determine the significance of deep neck odontogenic infections severity to predict the postoperative morbidity. Observational study was conducted in 2014-2015. A continuous sample of 38 patients who were urgently hospitalized in the Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Hospital with deep neck odontogenic infections and operated on the day of hospitalization was analyzed. SAPS scale rates correlated positively with the duration of the artificial lungs ventilation (ALV). The positive balance of the introduced and withdrawn liquid in the first day of the postoperative period is associated with the ALV duration, which requires accurate dosing of the infusion volumes. The described protocol of perioperative care significantly decreases morbidity in patients with deep neck odontogenic infections.

[Effect of the vacuum stimuli on length nipple-areola complex of the woman lactation mammary gland].

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vacuum stimuli on time increasing and decreasing of the length areola-nipple complex lactating women. At the maximum comfortable vacuum (140-160 mm Hg) length areola increases for 90-100 ms to maximum length. After vacuum stimuli were off a length of areola was decreased and reach the rest level for 120-150 ms. The length of the nipple was unchanged. This data it is necessary to optimize work breast pump with tactile component. The temporal characteristics of the length of areola under the influence of physiologically acceptable vacuum indicate that in breast pump with tactile component compression stimuli should act on the areola not less that 100 ms after the beginning of vacuum stimuli.

[Bion-M1. Biological activities of microorganisms under the conditions of a 30-day space flight].

It was stated that spaceflight factors (SFF) affect the chromosomal DNA interchange during Streptomyces crossing. Cross polarity and primary input of a parent chromosome fragment in recombinant generation imply a more lasting cells contact in microgravity and a broader horizontal transport of genetic material. SFF had no effect on recombination frequency and mutation in a model of parental auxotrophic markers reversion to prototrophism. It was demonstrated that SFF boosted the fC31 phage exit from S. lividans 66 (fC31) and did not influence phage induction in S. coelicolor A3(2) (fC31). SFF inhibited synthesis of antiobiotic actinorhodin in lisogenic S. coelicolor A3(2), and tylosin and desmicosin in S. fradiae. Survivability of electrogenic bacteria Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in space flight was higher compared with the synchronous control experiment. The reduction activity of S. oneidensis MR-1 as an indicator of electron generation effectiveness was identical in flight and laboratory samples.

[Autochthonous probiotics in prevention of infectious and inflammatory diseases of a human in the altered habitats].

Dysbiotic shifts in intestinal and pharyngeal microflora were studied in 22 normal volunteers in 9-, 14-, 105- and 520-d chamber experiments simulating some of the spaceflight factors. Two preparations were administered to prevent pharyngeal and intestinal dysbiosis: oral dry probiotic based on indigenous intestinal Enterococci and topical collagen-immobilized Lactobacterin based on indigenous intestinal Lactobacilli. Topical autopmrobiotic lactobacterin reduced the growth of opportunistic pathogens in the throat during the experiments. Oral autoprobiotic based on Enterococci reduced the content of intestinal opportunistic pathogens, supporting the high level of protecting microflora. Most of autostrains are free from pathogenicity factors, nevertheless, implementation of genetic testing of indigenous strains are reasonable.

[Distribution of genes of toxin-antitoxin systems of mazEF and relBE families in bifidobacteria from human intestinal microbiota].

The in silico analysis of 36 sequenced genomes of bacteria of the Bifidobacterium genus determined the presence of 19 genes of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems that belong to the MazEF and RelBE families, including five mazF and two relE genes that encode toxins and 12 relB genes that encode antitoxins. A high level ofgene (at the level of nucleotide changes) and genomic (presence or absence of genes in distinct genomes) polymorphism in the investigated genes was revealed. The highest level of polymorphism was observed in strains of the Bifidobacterium longum species, primarily in relB1-10 genes. Gene and genomic polymorphism might be used to identify the strain of B. longum species. PCR analysis ofgenomic DNA of 30 bifidobacteria strains belonging to the three species, B. longum, B. adolscentis, and B. bifidum, isolated from the intestinal microbiota of astronauts demonstrated the presence of mazF and relB genes. The observed polymorphism of TA genes indicates the presence of differences in bifidobacteria strains isolated from the intestinal microbiota of astronauts before and after space flight and the control group.

[T(-786) --> C-polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoter gene (eNOS) and exercise performance in sport].

Given the significant impact of the T(-786) --> C-polymorphism of the eNOS gene in the process of adaptation to physical stress, we aimed to investigate the effect of this polymorphism on physical performance in sportsmen and establish the possibility of its use as a marker of predisposition to the sport. DNA of 516 people, of which 195 qualified athletes and 321 people who had no experience of regular exercise was investigated. The frequency of genotypes and alleles of the T(-786) --> C-polymorphism of the eNOS gene in groups of athletes of different sports, the distribution of genotypes and alleles among athletes and those who are not involved in sports were studied. T allele frequency in a group of athletes on 6.4% (r(chi)2 = 0.03) than in control group. The association of the T allele of the T(-786) --> C-polymorphism of the eNOS gene with a predisposition for speed and power was established. In the group of athletes in speed and power sports, the T-allele frequency was higher than that in the control group by 12% (r(chi)2 = 0.002) and than in group endurance sports by 10% (r(chi)2 = 0.004). We found that the T(-786) --> C-polymorphism of the eNOS gene influence the power and efficiency ofthe functioning of the cardiorespiratory system of athletes during exercise.

[Factors determining the functional state of regulatory systems in athletes after return from altitude conditions].

We have studied a group of athletes who compete in speedpower disciplines. The athletes spent a period of time at the altitude of 2100 meters and the state of their regulatory systems was measured on their return to normal conditions. We have shown that training at the altitude improves the functional state, shifts the vegetative balance towards the prevalence of vagus influences, and improves stamina. The positive effects remain as long as 25-26 days after return from the altitude. At the same time for sportsmen after training at the level of sea in a state of relative rest and central and sympathetic influences prevail at the functional loading. In addition, the factor of the unstable states also begins to play a certain role forming of reaction of organism on loading.

[Are we controlling the sedation in ICU? A multicenter study results].

The aim of this study is to evaluate the issues of sedation and analgesia in all-purpose ICUs in Russia. To obtain that, a single-day observational survey was performed in 55 ICUs of Ural and Siberia regions. This work enabled to describe the targets, instruments of control and patterns of sedative and analgetics and sedatives prescription, as well as to make conclusions about issues in this area and possibilities of creation and necessity of analgesia and sedation standards. The study has shown a decent percentage of use of standardized scales evaluating pain in ICU and predominance of effectivae drugs and analgesia patterns, which leads to "formalization" of analgesia and decrease of it's effectiveness. Sedation indications do not satisfy the modern concept, sedation level evaluation scores are used only in 13%, schemes and drugs are traditional. The results of this study may serve as a reason for discussion of necessity of introducing of sedative and analgetic therapy in ICU standarts.

[Methods of extending the resource of fiber ionite artificial soils in space greenhouses].

The vegetable cultivation technology developed in view of long-term autonomous missions is based on root nutrition provided by fiber artificial soils (AS) containing ion-exchange resins. Useful life of ASs is limited by two factors which are nutrients depletion in ion-exchanger and clogging of the AS threshold space by roots remnants. Purpose of the investigation is to try out hydrolysis and ensuing microbial decomposition of roots remnants as a way to extend the resource of used fiber ionite AS. This principle of doing away with the roots remnants recovers almost completely the maximal water-absorbing capacity of AS BIONA-V3 so that it can be used again for crops cultivation.

[Microbial fuel cells as an alternative power supply].

Purpose of the work was designing and prototyping of microbial fuel cells (MFC) and comparative evaluation of the electrogenic activity of wastewater autochthonous microorganisms as well as bacterial monocultures. Objects were model electrogenic strain Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, and an Ochrobactrum sp. strain isolated from the active anode biofilm of MFC composed as an electricity generating system. The study employed the methods typically used for aerobic and anaerobic strains, current measurement, identification of new electrogenic strains in microbial association of wastewater sludge and species definition by rRNA 16-S. As a result, two MFCs prototypes were tried out. Besides, it was shown that electrogenic activity of S. oneidensis MR-1 and Ochrobactrum sp. monocultures is similar but differs from that of the microbial association of the anode biofilm.

Rayleigh approximation for axisymmetric scatterers.

The Rayleigh approximation is known to be designed only for small ellipsoidal scatterers. We suggest an approach that allows one to find a simple, often analytical, long-wavelength approximation for nonellipsoidal particles. We apply the approach to axisymmetric scatterers and utilize Chebyshev particles to study the main properties of the obtained approximation. To a certain degree, it can be considered as an extension of the Rayleigh approximation to nonspheroidal scatterers.

[Testing of the gas vortex culture stirrer under conditions of short-term microgravity].

Functional testing of the bioreactor for stirring culture in microgravity was performed during the microgravity episodes aboard research airplane Il-76 following the Kepler parabolic flight path. The attempt to produce the gas vortex stirring effect in a given liquid volume was a failure. Nonetheless, the stirrer ventilator is capable to agitate liquid acting as a mechanical stirrer.

[Express diagnostics of microbial status of humans in 14- and 105-day isolation].

Automated digital image microscopy was used to evaluate skin microbial populations in 14- and 105-day isolation experiments within the Mars-500 project.

[Evaluation of efficiency of automated analysis of microflora from test-subjects during 7-day dry immersion].

Microbial contamination of integument was evaluated in test-subjects volunteered for 7-day immersion with the purpose to evaluate a technology of automated analysis of human microbiocinosis. Integument microflora was investigated in the baseline data collection period and on day-7 of immersion with the help of the standard bacteriological method and using a prototyped automated analyzer. The investigation showed the possibilities of the automated analyzer to provide operating data about human microflora.

[Analysis of the species and quantitative composition of lactobacilli obtained from humans in a 300-day experiment with isolation].

Two hundred and two intestinal lactobacill strains were obtained and studied in a 30-d experiment with chambered human subjects. Species composition of intestinal lactobacilli varied in the course of the experiment. Species of lactobacilli persisting in organism in the period of isolation were identified.

[Effectiveness evaluation of the sanitary-hygienic measures during 105-day isolation].

The sanitary-hygienic well-being of 6 volunteers for the 105-d chamber experiment simulating some of the spaceflight factors was evaluated. To evaluate the pertinent means and methods, clinical, hygienic and microbiological investigations were employed, and volunteers' subjective opinions of personal hygiene items and associated procedures were analyzed Based on the examination of integument and oral cavity, entries in the questionnaires concerning subjective sensations, opinions and objective data, all volunteers were invariably in good state. Level of the skin total microbial contamination was found to depend on volunteers' diligence to fulfill the hygienic routine.

[Surgical correction of nasal septum with the use of Perfoost allografts].

New partially demineralized Perfoost allografts were used for the treatment of nasal septum defects in 16 patients admitted to the Research and Clinical Otorhinolarygological Centre, Federal Healthcare and Social Development Agency, between January 2007 and November 2008. The length of the follow-up period varied from 6 months to 1 year 10 months. The plastic material manufactured in the form of plates of different size was obtained from the bank of autografts based at the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics. Long-term monitoring of major physiological functions of the nose and rhinopneumetric studies showed that that Perfoost allografts were well tolerated by the patients; their application ensured excellent functional and aesthetic outcome of surgical correction of the injured nasal septum in all cases under observation.

[Surgical treatment of Taussig-Bing anomaly in children in the first year of life].

The history of surgical treatment, clinical features, and main variants of correction of Taussig-Bing anomaly in children during the first year of life is briefly reviewed including original data obtained in the Department of Urgent Surgery of newborn and first-year infants, A. N. Bakulev Research Centre of Cardiovascular Surgery for the period of 2000-2006.