ABSTRACT
In the present study, three-dimensional numerical simulation is carried out for discrete rib arrays to investigate the local fluid and heat transfer characteristics. Rib pitch and gap width were varied in several steps. Furthermore, two kinds of rib arrays were studied, i.e. an array of ribs having the gaps at both spanwise ends and a staggered array of ribs with gaps at both spanwise ends and with gaps in the middle. Eventually, the staggered arrayed ribs is suggested to be best in performance of heat transfer.
ABSTRACT
TSH concentrations in dried blood samples on filter paper were determined by a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), used for routine neonatal screening for primary hypothyroidism, and a highly sensitive bioluminescence ELISA (BL-ELISA) using firefly luciferase to examine whether central hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can be efficiently detected as cases of primary hypothyroidism. Samples were obtained from 3 patients with congenital central hypothyroidism, 5 patients with congenital primary hypothyroidism, 6 patients with hyperthyroidism, 31 neonatal babies with low birth weight (premature babies) and 242 newborn babies with normal birth weight from the general population (normal babies). The TSH values were low in central hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Their deviations from the mean TSH value for normal babies by the BL-ELISA method (-3.12 SD and -4.79 SD in central hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism respectively) were greater than those by the ELISA method (-2.00 SD and -2.97 SD respectively). The TSH values were high in primary hypothyroidism and normal in premature babies while deviations were the same when BL-ELISA and ELISA were used. These findings indicate that the highly sensitive TSH assay (BL-ELISA) can be used for detecting both primary and central hypothyroidism as well as hyperthyroidism in neonatal screening.
