ABSTRACT
In this research, acute effect of the olive oil mill wastewater (OMWW) on the frog larvae has been studied. Larvae showed hyperactivity symptoms first and loss of balance and remained motionless due to toxicity of wastewater. Toxicity was observed between 2 and 159 min depending on the test concentrations. Upon removing the phenolic compounds from the OMWW, this effect was seen after 248 min. Potential effects of the OMWW in Lake Iznik were also researched. Salinity of the lake water changed from 0.2 to 0.0 respectively in the measurements done in May and December.
Subject(s)
Plant Oils/metabolism , Ranidae/growth & development , Wastewater/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Industrial Waste , Lakes , Larva/drug effects , Larva/growth & development , Olive OilABSTRACT
The use of aryloxy oxalyl chlorides (AOCs), aryloxy oxalyl tert-butyl peroxides (AOBs), and diaryl oxalates (DAOs) for unimolecular generation of phenoxyl-based radicals under solution and rigid matrix conditions is described. AOCs are usable for photochemical generation of phenoxyl radicals, but are only conveniently stable as precursors when 2,6-di-tert-butylated derivatives are used. AOBs may be used as thermal precursors to aryloxyl radicals, since they typically decompose within 2-3 h at 60-85 degrees C to give phenols. (1)H-NMR solution kinetic studies find that DeltaH() = 31 kcal/mol, and DeltaS() = +3.4 cal/mol-K for decomposition of phenoxyoxalyl tert-butyl peroxide, consistent with substantial concertedness in peroxide bond cleavage. AOBs and the more stable DAOs are also convenient photochemical phenoxyl radical precursors. AOBs yield phenoxyl radicals more readily by photolysis than do corresponding DAOs, but the DAOs have fewer side reactions that can quench the product phenoxyl radicals.
