ABSTRACT
Thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes that reduce Trxin NADPH-dependent manner. In the view of the direct vital role of TrxR in a wide range of biochemical and physiological processes, methods to inhibit this enzyme are clinically important. TrxR has recently emerged as a new candidate in anticancer drug investigations because of overexpression in tumorous cells. In this study, TrxR from chick liver was purified 94.6-fold with a yield of 4.86% and a specific activity of 0.19 EU/mg. KM and Vmax values of TrxR for DTNB were calculated as 0.9 mM and 0,03 EU/mL, respectively. Then, the effects of the flavonoids hesperidin, naringenin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, naringin, 3,4-dihydoxybenzoic acid, and ellagic acid on the enzyme activity were evaluated under in-vitro conditions. Ellagic acid showed the strongest inhibitory activity on TrxR with a IC50 value of 18 µM, followed by naringenin and chlorogenic acid with IC50 values of 46.7 µM and 75.8 µM, respectively. Our results showed that flavonoids as natural products are potential inhibitors of TrxRs and the flavonoid content in animal diets may alter metabolic pathways by influencing TrxR activity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Flavonoids/administration & dosage , Flavonoids/analysis , Chickens/physiology , ThioredoxinsABSTRACT
Thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes that reduce Trxin NADPH-dependent manner. In the view of the direct vital role of TrxR in a wide range of biochemical and physiological processes, methods to inhibit this enzyme are clinically important. TrxR has recently emerged as a new candidate in anticancer drug investigations because of overexpression in tumorous cells. In this study, TrxR from chick liver was purified 94.6-fold with a yield of 4.86% and a specific activity of 0.19 EU/mg. KM and Vmax values of TrxR for DTNB were calculated as 0.9 mM and 0,03 EU/mL, respectively. Then, the effects of the flavonoids hesperidin, naringenin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, naringin, 3,4-dihydoxybenzoic acid, and ellagic acid on the enzyme activity were evaluated under in-vitro conditions. Ellagic acid showed the strongest inhibitory activity on TrxR with a IC50 value of 18 µM, followed by naringenin and chlorogenic acid with IC50 values of 46.7 µM and 75.8 µM, respectively. Our results showed that flavonoids as natural products are potential inhibitors of TrxRs and the flavonoid content in animal diets may alter metabolic pathways by influencing TrxR activity.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens/physiology , Flavonoids/administration & dosage , Flavonoids/analysis , ThioredoxinsABSTRACT
The subject of this study was to evaluate the effects of lentil byproduct (LP) on growth performance, carcass traits and egg yield of quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). To achieve this goal, a total of 600 0-day-old quail chicks were used. The birds were divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th groups received 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% lentil byproduct, respectively. All the diets were prepared as isonitrogenous and isocaloric. As a result of this study, the highest live body weights of quails as Laudadio mixed gender were observed in the 3rd (195.5 g) and 5th (195.3 g) groups at the end of the study, however the differences between the control and treatment groups were not significant (p>0.05). Similar results were observed in the carcass traits, as well. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was noted in both the 2nd and 3rd groups as 3.04 and it was significantly (p<0.05) different than in the control and other treatment groups. The least feed intake (FI) was observed in the 2nd group. The highest and the lowest egg yield percentages were in the 3rd (90.78 %) and 5th (66.57 %) groups, and differences were significant (p<0.01). Linear increments were observed in the yolk color when LP increased in the diet. As a result, it could be concluded that lentil by product could be added into quail diets up to 15% with no negative effect on live body weight (BW) and carcass traits and to get better yolk color.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Infant, Newborn , Lens Plant/adverse effects , Coturnix/growth & development , Eggs/analysis , Lens Plant/chemistry , Coturnix/physiology , Egg Yolk , Weight Gain , Animal FeedABSTRACT
The subject of this study was to evaluate the effects of lentil byproduct (LP) on growth performance, carcass traits and egg yield of quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). To achieve this goal, a total of 600 0-day-old quail chicks were used. The birds were divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th groups received 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% lentil byproduct, respectively. All the diets were prepared as isonitrogenous and isocaloric. As a result of this study, the highest live body weights of quails as Laudadio mixed gender were observed in the 3rd (195.5 g) and 5th (195.3 g) groups at the end of the study, however the differences between the control and treatment groups were not significant (p>0.05). Similar results were observed in the carcass traits, as well. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was noted in both the 2nd and 3rd groups as 3.04 and it was significantly (p<0.05) different than in the control and other treatment groups. The least feed intake (FI) was observed in the 2nd group. The highest and the lowest egg yield percentages were in the 3rd (90.78 %) and 5th (66.57 %) groups, and differences were significant (p<0.01). Linear increments were observed in the yolk color when LP increased in the diet. As a result, it could be concluded that lentil by product could be added into quail diets up to 15% with no negative effect on live body weight (BW) and carcass traits and to get better yolk color.
Subject(s)
Animals , Infant, Newborn , Coturnix/growth & development , Coturnix/physiology , Lens Plant/adverse effects , Lens Plant/chemistry , Eggs/analysis , Weight Gain , Egg Yolk , Animal FeedABSTRACT
In this study, the influence of carcass parts weights (thigh, breast, wing, back weight, gizzard, heart, and feet) on whole carcass weight of white turkeys (Big-6) was analyzed by regression analysis based on ridge regression and factor analysis scores. For this purpose, a total of 30 turkey carcasses of 15 males and 15 females with 17 weeks of age, were used. To determine the carcass weight (CW), thigh weight (TW), breast weight (BRW), wing weight (WW), back weight (BW), gizzard weight (GW), heart weight (HW), and feet weight (FW) were used. In the ridge regression model, since the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) values of the variables were less than 10, the multicollinearity problem was eliminated. Furthermore, R2=0.988 was obtained in the ridge regression model. Since the eigenvalues of the two variables predicted by factor analysis scores were greater than 1, the model can be explained by two factors. The variance explained by two factors constitutes 88.80% of the total variance. The regression equation was statistically significant (p<0.01). In the regression equation, two factors obtained by using factor analysis scores were independent variables and standardized carcass weight was considered as dependent variable. In the regression model created by factor analysis scores, the Variance Inflation Factor values were 1 and R2=0.966. Both regression models were found to be suitable for predicting carcass weight of turkeys. However, the ridge regression method, which presented higher R2 value, has been shown to better explain the carcass weight.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Meat/analysis , Meat , Regression Analysis , Turkeys/classificationABSTRACT
In this study, the influence of carcass parts weights (thigh, breast, wing, back weight, gizzard, heart, and feet) on whole carcass weight of white turkeys (Big-6) was analyzed by regression analysis based on ridge regression and factor analysis scores. For this purpose, a total of 30 turkey carcasses of 15 males and 15 females with 17 weeks of age, were used. To determine the carcass weight (CW), thigh weight (TW), breast weight (BRW), wing weight (WW), back weight (BW), gizzard weight (GW), heart weight (HW), and feet weight (FW) were used. In the ridge regression model, since the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) values of the variables were less than 10, the multicollinearity problem was eliminated. Furthermore, R2=0.988 was obtained in the ridge regression model. Since the eigenvalues of the two variables predicted by factor analysis scores were greater than 1, the model can be explained by two factors. The variance explained by two factors constitutes 88.80% of the total variance. The regression equation was statistically significant (p<0.01). In the regression equation, two factors obtained by using factor analysis scores were independent variables and standardized carcass weight was considered as dependent variable. In the regression model created by factor analysis scores, the Variance Inflation Factor values were 1 and R2=0.966. Both regression models were found to be suitable for predicting carcass weight of turkeys. However, the ridge regression method, which presented higher R2 value, has been shown to better explain the carcass weight.
Subject(s)
Animals , Regression Analysis , Meat , Meat/analysis , Turkeys/classificationABSTRACT
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of transient treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU) on some reproduction traits and live weight of quails. The trial lasted 8 weeks. To accomplish this goal, 700 1-day-old quail chicks were used, randomly divided into 8 groups. PTU was added to feed by 0.1% and 0.5% /wt. The first 4 groups had 0.5% PTU at the age of 2-4, 4-6, 6-8 and 2-8 wk., respectively. The 5 th, 6 th and 7 th groups had 0.1% PTU at the age of 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 wk., respectively, and the 8 th group was the control with no PTU. Quails were bled at 60 days of age. Then right and left testes were taken out and weighed. At the end of the trail, least square means of the live weight of the treatment groups were higher than the control (p 0.05). Similar results (p 0.05) were observed for testis weight, testis diameter and fertility rate. As a result, it can be said that the inclusion of PTU in quail rations positively affects the live weight and reproduction traits of quails.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Coturnix/anatomy & histology , Coturnix/growth & development , Propylthiouracil/administration & dosage , Propylthiouracil/adverse effects , Weight GainABSTRACT
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of transient treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU) on some reproduction traits and live weight of quails. The trial lasted 8 weeks. To accomplish this goal, 700 1-day-old quail chicks were used, randomly divided into 8 groups. PTU was added to feed by 0.1% and 0.5% /wt. The first 4 groups had 0.5% PTU at the age of 2-4, 4-6, 6-8 and 2-8 wk., respectively. The 5 th, 6 th and 7 th groups had 0.1% PTU at the age of 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 wk., respectively, and the 8 th group was the control with no PTU. Quails were bled at 60 days of age. Then right and left testes were taken out and weighed. At the end of the trail, least square means of the live weight of the treatment groups were higher than the control (p 0.05). Similar results (p 0.05) were observed for testis weight, testis diameter and fertility rate. As a result, it can be said that the inclusion of PTU in quail rations positively affects the live weight and reproduction traits of quails.
Subject(s)
Animals , Coturnix/anatomy & histology , Coturnix/growth & development , Propylthiouracil/administration & dosage , Propylthiouracil/adverse effects , Weight GainABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to identify the growth curve of live weight of turkeys reared in different systems (intensive and free- range) with the best mathematical model. To achieve this goal, the live weight of male and female turkeys (Large White) reared for 0-18 weeks were used. Logistic, Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, and Gauss were used to determine the best model for the turkeys. In comparison of the models, values of Coefficient of Determination (R2), Mean Squares of Error (MSE) and Model Efficiency (ME) were used. In Von Bertalanffy model, the coefficient of determinations for males and females were found as 0.9974 and 0.99915 in intensive system and 0.9794 and 0.9804 in Free-Range system, respectively. As a result of this study, because the highest R2 and the lowest MSE were observed in Von Bertalanffy model, it was the best among the models to identify growth curve of the turkeys.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Turkeys/growth & development , Turkeys/physiology , Reproduction/physiology , Nonlinear Dynamics , Poultry/growth & development , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Laboratory and Fieldwork Analytical Methods/methods , Body Weight/physiology , Animal Husbandry/methods , /veterinaryABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to identify the growth curve of live weight of turkeys reared in different systems (intensive and free- range) with the best mathematical model. To achieve this goal, the live weight of male and female turkeys (Large White) reared for 0-18 weeks were used. Logistic, Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, and Gauss were used to determine the best model for the turkeys. In comparison of the models, values of Coefficient of Determination (R2), Mean Squares of Error (MSE) and Model Efficiency (ME) were used. In Von Bertalanffy model, the coefficient of determinations for males and females were found as 0.9974 and 0.99915 in intensive system and 0.9794 and 0.9804 in Free-Range system, respectively. As a result of this study, because the highest R2 and the lowest MSE were observed in Von Bertalanffy model, it was the best among the models to identify growth curve of the turkeys.