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1.
Free Radic Res ; 47(10): 774-80, 2013 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23898883

ABSTRACT

The effects of blue light emitter diode (LED) light exposure on retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE cells) were examined to detect cellular damage or change and to clarify its mechanisms. The RPE cells were cultured and exposed by blue (470 nm) LED at 4.8 mW/cm(2). The cellular viability was determined by XTT assay and cellular injury was determined by the lactate dehydrogenase activity in medium. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined by confocal laser microscope image analysis using dihydrorhodamine 123 and lipid peroxidation was determined by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein-adducts immunofluorescent staining (HNE). At 24 h after 50 J/cm(2) exposures, cellular viability was significantly decreased to 74% and cellular injury was significantly increased to 365% of control. Immediately after the light exposure, ROS generation was significantly increased to 154%, 177%, and 395% of control and HNE intensity was increased to 211%, 359%, and 746% of control by 1, 10, and 50 J/cm(2), respectively. These results suggest, at least in part, that oxidative stress is an early step leading to cellular damage by blue LED exposure and cellular oxidative damage would be caused by the blue light exposure at even lower dose (1, 10 J/cm(2)).


Subject(s)
Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/radiation effects , Lipid Peroxidation/radiation effects , Oxidative Stress/radiation effects , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/metabolism , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/radiation effects , Animals , Cattle , DNA Damage , Epithelial Cells/cytology , Light , Oxidation-Reduction , Phototherapy
2.
J Physiol Pharmacol ; 64(1): 89-94, 2013 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23568975

ABSTRACT

Salt/NaCl has been reported to induce necrosis in gastric mucosal cells, however, the mechanisms for gastric injury by salt are not clarified. In this study, we elucidated whether salt is an oxidative stress inducer via mitochondrial injury on rat gastric epithelial cells (RGM-1) in 300, 450, 650 and 1000 mM of NaCl-contained medium. To clarify whether salt-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) is derived from mitochondria, we also investigated a salt-induced ROS production in manganese superoxide dismutase overexpressing cells (RGM-MnSOD). MnSOD is a specific scavenger for superoxide anion produced from mitochondria. The results showed that cellular injuries in RGM-MnSOD were significantly less severe than that in normal RGM-1. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies also provided an evidence that the salt-derived superoxide production in RGM-MnSOD was less than that in normal RGM-1. These results indicated that salt is not merely a necrotizing factor for gastric epithelial cells, but also an oxidative stress inducer.


Subject(s)
Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology , Stomach/drug effects , Animals , Cell Death/drug effects , Cell Line , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/physiology , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Mitochondria/drug effects , Mitochondria/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Rats , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Stomach/physiology , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Superoxides/metabolism
3.
J Physiol Pharmacol ; 63(2): 137-42, 2012 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22653900

ABSTRACT

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) often cause gastrointestinal complications such as gastric ulcers and erosions. Recent studies on the pathogenesis have revealed that NSAIDs induce lipid peroxidation in gastric epithelial cells by generating superoxide anion in mitochondria, independently with cyclooxygenase-inhibition and the subsequent prostaglandin deficiency. Although not clearly elucidated, the impairment of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, or uncoupling, by NSAIDs is associated with the generation of superoxide anion. Physiologically, superoxide is immediately transformed into hydrogen peroxide and diatomic oxygen with manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Rebamipide is an antiulcer agent that showed protective effects against NSAID-induced lipid peroxidation in gastrointestinal tracts. We hypothesized that rebamipide may attenuate lipid peroxidation by increasing the expression of MnSOD protein in mitochondria and decreasing the leakage of superoxide anion in NSAID-treated gastric and small intestinal epithelial cells. Firstly, to examine rebamipide increases the expression of MnSOD proteins in mitochondria of gastrointestinal epithelial cells, we underwent Western blotting analysis against anti-MnSOD antibody in gastric RGM1 cells and small intestinal IEC6 cells. Secondly, to examine whether the pretreatment of rebamipide decreases NSAID-induced mitochondrial impairment and lipid peroxidation, we treated these cells with NSAIDs with or without rebamipide pretreatment, and examined with specific fluorescent indicators. Finally, to examine whether pretreatment of rebamipide attenuates NSAID-induced superoxide anion leakage from mitochondria, we examined the mitochondria from indomethacin-treated RGM1 cells with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy using a specific spin-trapping reagent, CYPMPO. Rebamipide increased the expression of MnSOD protein, and attenuated NSAID-induced mitochondrial impairment and lipid peroxidation in RGM1 and IEC6 cells. The pretreatment of rebamipide significantly decreased the signal intensity of superoxide anion from the mitochondria. We conclude that rebamipide attenuates lipid peroxidation by increasing the expression of MnSOD protein and decreasing superoxide anion leakage from mitochondria in both gastric and small intestinal epithelial cells.


Subject(s)
Alanine/analogs & derivatives , Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Quinolones/pharmacology , Superoxide Dismutase/biosynthesis , Alanine/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Cell Line , Epithelial Cells/physiology , Intestine, Small/cytology , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects , Mitochondria/drug effects , Mitochondria/physiology , Rats , Stomach/cytology
4.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol ; 35(5): 380-2, 2006 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16940488

ABSTRACT

We report an unusual case of pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland in a 48-year-old female. The present case appeared as a relatively homogeneous, low to intermediate signal-intensity on the T(2) weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. To our knowledge, the MR feature of low T(2) signal-intensity of pleomorphic adenoma has not been reported in the literature.


Subject(s)
Adenoma, Pleomorphic/pathology , Submandibular Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Contrast Media , Female , Gadolinium , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged
5.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol ; 35(1): 24-9, 2006 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16421260

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a new scanning agent of technetium-99m-hexakis-2-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (Tc-99m-MIBI) for the diagnosis of malignant tumours of the head and neck. METHODS: Scintigraphy with Tc-99m-MIBI was performed in 19 patients with malignant tumours of the head and neck. Factors of the early and delayed static scans (hot, warm or cold uptake), the early and delayed retention indexes, the blood flow index and the tumour retention index were obtained from Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy. Tumour retention indexes were classified into three grades; slightly (>0.9), moderately (0.9-0.8) and severely (0.8>) decreased. Grade of tissue differentiation of tumour (well, moderately or poorly differentiated) and tumour size (T1 approximately T4) were examined using the excised tumour. Scintigraphic indexes and tumour characteristics were compared. RESULTS: The early static scan and tumour size showed a correlation with the blood flow index. However, the delayed static scan did not show any relationship with blood flow index and tumour size. The tumour retention index had a tendency to decrease in malignant tumours, and showed a significant correlation with the grade of tissue differentiation of the tumour. CONCLUSIONS: The tendency of the tumour retention index to decrease in Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy showed the malignancy of tumour and would be useful for the diagnosis of malignant tumours of the head and neck.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging , Mouth Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood supply , Cell Differentiation , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mouth Neoplasms/blood supply , Radionuclide Imaging , Regional Blood Flow
6.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol ; 34(5): 274-8, 2005 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16120876

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to estimate the role of permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the technetium-99m-hexakis-2-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (99Tc(m)-MIBI) scintigraphy. METHODS: 71 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (39 patients with well differentiated, 19 with moderately differentiated and 13 with poorly differentiated tumour) were examined. Eighteen of these patients underwent 99Tc(m)-MIBI scintigraphy (early and delayed scans). The tumour retention index, obtained from the ratio of the accumulation of the delayed scan to that of the early scan, was divided into three groups. The immunohistochemical evaluation of P-gp expression was performed in all 71 patients. Levels of the P-gp expression were classified into three grades (score 0, 1 and 2). Correlations among the tumour retention index, the P-gp expression and the tumour tissue differentiation were evaluated. RESULTS: 17 of 18 patients showed a decreasing of the tumour retention index ranging from 0.70 to 0.93 (mean+/-SD=0.850+/-0.071). The tumour retention index showed a statistical correlation with the P-gp expression and the tumour tissue differentiation (chi-squared=7.802>7.779, P=0.10 and 16.835>14.860, P=0.005, respectively). Moreover, there was a statistical correlation between the P-gp expression and the tumour tissue differentiation (chi-squared=14.863>14.860, P=0.005). CONCLUSION: There is a possibility that the P-gp expression is high in the high-grade malignant tumours and P-gp causes the decrease of tumour retention index.


Subject(s)
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/analysis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Cell Differentiation , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Radionuclide Imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi/pharmacokinetics , Time Factors
7.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol ; 34(5): 268-73, 2005 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16120875

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the usefulness of technetium-99m-hexakis-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99Tc(m)-MIBI) and thallium-201-chloride (Tl-201) as scintigraphic agents. METHODS: Dynamic and static scintigraphic imaging with 99Tc(m)-MIBI and Tl-201 were performed on patients with a variety of malignant and benign tumours. Factors of the grade of the static scan, the blood flow index, the early and delayed retention indexes, and the tumour retention index were obtained from the scintigraphy. In addition to these factors, the grade of tissue differentiation and tumour size were evaluated to clarify the difference between 99Tc(m)-MIBI and Tl-201 for the diagnosis of malignant tumours of the head and neck. RESULTS: 99Tc(m)-MIBI accumulation depended upon the blood flow index in the early static scan, but this accumulation did not correlate with tumour size. The accumulation in most subjects decreased in the delayed static scan, and the tumour retention index had a tendency to decrease with the grade of tissue differentiation. Tl-201 accumulation depended upon the blood flow index in the early static scan similar to 99Tc(m)-MIBI, and the accumulation correlated with tumour size, unlike 99Tc(m)-MIBI. The tumour retention index had a tendency to increase with the grade of tissue differentiation. Thus, the tumour retention indexes showed opposite behaviours between 99Tc(m)-MIBI and Tl-201, but they both accurately determined tumour malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: There was no major difference between 99Tc(m)-MIBI and Tl-201scintigraphy with respect to accuracy of diagnosis of malignant tumours of the head and neck. However, 99Tc(m)-MIBI was superior to Tl-201 for small-size tumours and Tl-201 was useful for large-size tumours.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Thallium Radioisotopes , Adenocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Adenolymphoma/diagnostic imaging , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/physiopathology , Cell Differentiation , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radionuclide Imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics , Regional Blood Flow/physiology , Retrospective Studies , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi/pharmacokinetics , Thallium , Thallium Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics , Time Factors
8.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol ; 34(4): 212-7, 2005 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15961594

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this report was to evaluate the relationship between the tumour retention index of thallium-201 chloride (Tl-201) scintigraphy and the Na+/K+-ATPase expression in tumours of the head and neck. METHODS: Tl-201 scintigraphy was performed in 146 patients (129 with malignant tumours, ten with benign tumours and seven with inflammation). The tumour retention index was obtained from the early and delayed dynamic Tl-201 scans. The Na+/K+-ATPase expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in 61 of 129 patients with malignant tumour. Furthermore, another 22 patients with benign tumour were evaluated immunohistochemically as a benign control. Comparison of the correlations between the grade of histopathological differentiation of tumour, the tumour retention index of Tl-201 scintigraphy and the Na+/K+-ATPase expression was performed. RESULTS: The grade of histopathological differentiation of tumour, the tumour retention index of Tl-201 scintigraphy and the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase showed a good correlation indicating that Na+/K+-ATPase plays an important role in transportation for Tl-201 to go through the tumour cell membrane. CONCLUSIONS: Na+/K+-ATPase is one of the most important factors for Tl-201 accumulation in tumour.


Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/analysis , Thallium Radioisotopes , Thallium , Adenocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Adenocarcinoma/enzymology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adenolymphoma/diagnostic imaging , Adenolymphoma/enzymology , Adenolymphoma/pathology , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/diagnostic imaging , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/enzymology , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/enzymology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Head and Neck Neoplasms/enzymology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Radionuclide Imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/genetics , Thallium/pharmacokinetics , Thallium Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics
9.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol ; 34(4): 218-21, 2005 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15961595

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this report was to evaluate the possibility of subclassification of papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (PCL) with 99Tc(m)-pertechnetate. METHODS: A patient with multiple bilateral PCLs in the parotid glands was examined by using 99Tc(m)-pertechnetate. RESULTS: All PCLs of the present case, which were diagnosed as the subtype-II histopathologically, showed similar radioactive indexes in scintigraphy (the mean radioactive index = 3.62), although tumours were different in size. The mean radioactive index corresponded well with that from four cases of subtype-II of our previous report (the mean radioactive index = 3.84). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present report suggest a possibility of histopathological subclassification of PCLs into subtypes by 99Tc(m)-pertechnetate scintigraphy.


Subject(s)
Adenolymphoma/pathology , Parotid Neoplasms/pathology , Radiopharmaceuticals , Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m , Adenolymphoma/classification , Adenolymphoma/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Parotid Gland/diagnostic imaging , Parotid Gland/pathology , Parotid Neoplasms/classification , Parotid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Radionuclide Imaging
10.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol ; 30(6): 314-8, 2001 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11641729

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic value of dynamic MR imaging for the differentiation between benign tumours, malignant tumours, and inflammatory lesions in the major salivary glands. METHODS: T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo imaging sequences were performed in 27 patients (28 salivary gland lesions). The enhancement curve patterns and tumour margins on dynamic MR imaging were analysed. RESULTS: All pleomorphic adenomas showed a continuous gradual or rapid increase in the enhancement pattern, whereas other benign tumours had a rapid or gradual enhancement-attenuation pattern. Malignant tumours generally showed a gradual enhancement-attenuation pattern. Inflammatory lesions showed a rapid or gradual enhancement-attenuation pattern. A well-defined margin was observed in all 13 (100%) benign tumours and three of six (50%) malignant tumours. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that dynamic curve patterns and tumour margin appearance may help to differentiate between benign tumours, malignant tumours and inflammatory lesions.


Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Salivary Gland Diseases/diagnosis , Adenolymphoma/diagnosis , Adenoma/diagnosis , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/diagnosis , Contrast Media , Diagnosis, Differential , Gadolinium DTPA , Humans , Image Enhancement/methods , Lymphoma/diagnosis , Parotitis/diagnosis , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis
11.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol ; 30(5): 293-5, 2001 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11571550

ABSTRACT

A patient with SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis) was evaluated by combined scintigraphy. (99m)Tc HMDP scintigraphy showed accumulation in the sternum and lumbar vertebrae as well as the right mandible, whereas (67)Ga citrate showed an accumulation in the right mandible, but not in the sternum or lumbar vertebrae. These results are consistent with chronic osteomyelitis in the mandible.


Subject(s)
Acquired Hyperostosis Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Mandibular Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Osteomyelitis/diagnostic imaging , Technetium Tc 99m Medronate/analogs & derivatives , Aged , Chronic Disease , Citrates , Gallium , Gallium Radioisotopes , Humans , Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Male , Radionuclide Imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals , Sternum/diagnostic imaging
12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11505272

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to differentiate between malignant tumors and benign tumors of the head and neck by means of thallium-201 chloride scintigraphy. STUDY DESIGN: Thallium-201 chloride (Tl-201) scintigraphy and Ga-67 citrate (Ga-67) scintigraphy were performed in 10 patients with a benign tumor and in 90 patients with a malignant tumor. The blood flow index and the tumor retention index were obtained by means of Tl-201 scintigraphy. The blood flow index = the count of tumor/the count of control in the early dynamic scan from 30 to 120 seconds after injection, and the tumor retention index = (the count of tumor/the count of control in the delayed dynamic scan 2.5 hours after injection)/(the count of tumor/the count of control in the early dynamic scan from 4 to 5 minutes after injection). RESULTS: The early and delayed scans with Tl-201 demonstrated a very high correlation with the blood flow index. The tumor retention index had a tendency to increase in malignant tumors, especially in the poorly differentiated tumors and the severely invasive tumors. Likewise, the tumor retention index decreased in benign tumors. These results proved to be statistically significant, and in turn Tl-201 scintigraphy was deemed superior to Ga-67 scintigraphy. Tl-201 scintigraphy was also useful in detecting small-size tumors. CONCLUSION: The tumor retention index of Tl-201 was useful for the differentiation of malignant tumors of the head and neck from benign tumors of the same areas.


Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals , Thallium Radioisotopes , Thallium , Adenocarcinoma/blood supply , Adenocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adenolymphoma/blood supply , Adenolymphoma/diagnostic imaging , Adenolymphoma/pathology , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/blood supply , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/diagnostic imaging , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood supply , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Chi-Square Distribution , Citrates , Female , Gallium , Gallium Radioisotopes , Head and Neck Neoplasms/blood supply , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Male , Maxillary Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Parotid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Radionuclide Imaging , Regional Blood Flow/physiology , Scintillation Counting/methods , Statistics as Topic , Time Factors
14.
J Comput Assist Tomogr ; 25(3): 476-81, 2001.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11351201

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Our goal was to correlate the menstrual cycle with joint pain, MR evidence of the disk, and posterior disk attachment in patients with temporomandibular disorders. METHOD: Forty-two women underwent MRI involving conventional T1-and T2-weighted gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed SE imaging sequences. RESULTS: There was a strong statistical difference in the degree of joint pain between proliferated phase and secretory phase groups (p < 0.005). Joint pain had a tendency to increase at the secretory phase. Significantly less contrast enhancement of the posterior disk attachment was observed in the proliferated phase than in the secretory phase (p < 0.001) or menstrual phase (p < 0.01). In addition, anterior disk displacement without reduction of the temporomandibular joint was closely associated with joint pain. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that positional changes of the disk and the menstrual cycle may play a role in the degree of joint pain and inflammatory pathology of the posterior disk attachment.


Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Menstrual Cycle , Temporomandibular Joint Disc/pathology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Contrast Media , Female , Gadolinium DTPA , Humans , Inflammation , Linear Models , Pain Measurement
15.
Kokyu To Junkan ; 38(6): 577-80, 1990 Jun.
Article in Japanese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2377828

ABSTRACT

We have started employing two internal thoracic artery grafts in coronary artery revascularization since February 1988. We have carried out seven such operative procedures in a 15 month period since then. Ages ranged from 55 to 67 years with a mean of 60.6. Six patients were male and one patient was female. One patient was in Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina Class I, one in Class II, four in Class III, and one in Class IV, preoperatively. There were no operative deaths. Postoperatively, six patients were in CCS Class I and one was in Class II. All of the internal thoracic artery grafts were patent at hospital discharge in six angiographically examined patients. We feel that use of double internal thoracic artery grafts in coronary revascularization carries minimal additional risk, when performed in selected case.


Subject(s)
Angina Pectoris/surgery , Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis , Aged , Angina Pectoris/classification , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk
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