Aspects regarding the hygienic-sanitary conditions at the level of certain dental medicine cabinets in Iasi County.

AIM: This baseline study aims to find out the evaluation of hygienic-sanitary conditions at the level of dental medicine cabinets through the verification of certain hygienic aspects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study conducted consists in monitoring the hygienic/sanitary conditions at the level of 68 dental medicine cabinets (40 private cabinets and 28 school/university dental cabinets in Iasi county), using sheets for the assessment of the hygienic/sanitary conditions adapted from the control sheets of existing dental medicine cabinets at the level of DSP (Public Health Department) Iasi. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The sheets for the assessment of the hygienic/sanitary conditions were evaluated by a specialized team and the results were i llustrated in the specific charts. At the level of all the dental cabinets the study revealed nonconformities regarding the means to carry out cleaning, disinfection operations, including the management of perilous waste, the control of medical personnel. CONCLUSIONS: An optimization of the hygienic-sanitary conditions at the level of dental medicine cabinets is still necessary, through participation to the activity of personnel training, who is directly involved in dental medical assistance.

[Relashionship between the mother's educational level and child feeding in a series of preschool children in Bacau Town]. / Relatia între nivelul educational matern si alimentatie la un lot de prescolari din orasul Bacau.

UNLABELLED: Child growth and development are decisively influensed by feeding. This depends on parent's financial resources and food habits, most often tradition-related. AIM: To determine how important mother's educational level is in this respect. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out on a series of 153 preschool children from two kindergartens in Bacau town. Their parents filled out a questionnaire on the frequency of weekly food consumption. RESULTS: 64.5% of the mothers of the children included in this study had a higher education. Most children had milk 4-7 times a week, cheese 2-3 times a week, eggs and chicken 2-3 times a week, and fruits 4-7 times a week. The diffrences in feeding provided by mothers with higher education and those less educated were statistically insignificant, food habits being quite similar. CONCLUSIONS: A good knowledge of food habits in a poplation is essential for developing programs aimed at changing the unhealthy ones.

The prognosis of posterior urethral valves, associated to vesicoureteral reflux in children.

Posterior urethral valves represent a congenital barrier at the level of the posterior urethra, which opposes miction. They are located near the prostatic urethra, originating at the verumontanum level, affecting male patients. The ureters are inconstantly dilated; vesicoureteral reflux is met in 2/3 of the cases. The reflux can be secondary to the sub-bladder barrier, but it can also be considered primitive, determined by the intra bladder ectopy of the ureter. The presence of the reflux is interpreted as a severe associated factor. Semiology is rather unusual, positive diagnosis is based on early discovery or antenatally of the impairment, by fetal echography starting from the 28th week of pregnancy, postnatal echography followed by miction cystography, retrograde urethrography and creatinine dosage complete the diagnosis. The treatment is surgical: endoscopic ablation of the valves (in the absence of renal failure), percutaneous pyelostomy, high lateral ureterostomy, and in severe cases vesicostomy and renal transplant. Prognosis depends on how early the impairment is detected, on the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia, on the presence of the vesicoureteral reflux and the possibility of recovering renal function; 1/3 of the newborns develop in time Chronic Renal Failure which requires renal transplant. The studied group comprised male children diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux their ages ranking between 0 -18 years, admitted to the Pediatric Clinic, Tg. Mures during the last 10 years and children diagnosed and operated with posterior urethra valves at the Surgical Clinic of the "M. S. Curie" Hospital, Bucharest during the last 20 years. Our results show that out of the total number of studied children 25 presented posterior urethra valves and 9 children presented vesicoureteral reflux. We can conclude that the presence of the vesicoureteral reflux is an unfavorable prognosis regarding the degree of renal failure.

[Diagnostic and treatment algorithm for pharyngolaryngeal reflux]. / Algoritm de diagnostic si tratament in faringolaringita de reflux.

Pharyngolaryngeal reflux (PLR) refers to backflow of stomach contents into the throat and larynx. Its diagnosis is difficult because of a variety of atypical symptoms, low sensitivity of traditional tests of gastrointestinal tract, and no consensus on the diagnostic algorithm. The aim of this study was to provide an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of PLR. There were no pathognomonic symptoms or findings, but the characteristic symptoms validate the Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Findings Score as tools in the initial diagnosis. The first approach is empirical medical treatment for 3 month, based on endoscopic findings at laryngofiberscopy; then objective demonstration of reflux events using multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring. Proton pump inhibitors represent the mainstay of therapy for the patients with PLR, but they require a more aggressive and prolonged treatment than the patients with gastroesophageal symptoms.

[Assessment of consumer satisfaction with public health and medical services in the city of Iasi]. / Evaluarea satisfactiei consumatorilor de servicii de sanatate in sistemul public de asistenta medicala în municipiul Iasi.

AIM: The study was designed to assess patient satisfaction regarding the quality of medical care delivered in 2010, the financial accessibility of the used services, the time span accessibility to the services used, doctor-patient relationship, and quality of health services. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This study was carried out on a series of 150 randomly selected patients, age-range l8 to 70 years. These patients were asked to fill out a 44-item questionnaire including demographic data (age, education, environment--rural or urban area, difficult financial situation) and questions on the quality of the delivered medical care and the performance of the qualified medical staff. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The global assessment of the quality of health services shows that it is mainly satisfactory (42.00%) and good (31.33%). The primary health services (family medicine) are mostly regarded as very good (38.00%), good (28.67%) and satisfactory (24.67%). As to the specialized outpatient services, most investigated subjects found them satisfactory (32.67%), good (27.33%), and poor and very poor (8.00%). A percentage of 35.33 of the respondents think that the services provided in hospitals are satisfactory, 18.00% good and 9.33% very good. Drug administration was considered satisfactory by 37.33%, while 22.00% and 12.6% believe it to be good and very good, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The regular application of questionnaires to measure patient satisfaction and the setting up of a system for measuring the quality of medical care will improve quality of the health services.

[Public health in Orhei County--realities and opportunities]. / Sanatatea publica in raionul Orhei: realitati si oportunitati.

Orhei District Hospital has 420 beds located in 17 wards. Providing beds in 2010 is 39.2 to 10 000 people compared with 47.7 in 2008, but it is still more than the regional average for the country- 32.6. Rotation bed, the lethality rate of hospitalization of people have not changed in the previous year. The average duration of treatment and average bed occupancy rose in 2010 compared with 2009, but the bed occupancy rate is still small--about 60%. Share divergence diagnostic is lower than the previous year--this is a good indicator of quality. Enough old equipment is still an issue for the District Hospital Orhei. Making an analysis of the distinctive features of health care evaluations, where resources are expressed by the cost and the results are expressed as effects on health, we conclude that it is necessary to change the conceptual aspects regarding health care financing. For redress the economic and financial situation, is proposed following strategy: 1. Reduced costs for hotel accommodation, by introducing "a day hospital". This system implies investigation and medical advice, and writing medication without the patient to remain hospitalized for a long time (for cases that do not require prolonged hospitalization) 2. Reducing costs the necessary material resources with, the introduction of electronic auction. 3. Introducing the concept of health management, need for hospital management, better management the four types of resources available (human resources, material resources, financial resources, time). 4. Increasing managerial capacity, through a competitive selection manager, will be combine short-term planning and the long-term strategy (more flexible) to raise the efficiency of medical care. In this respect spaces allocated section of Pulmonology, will be reassembled in geriatric beds, and the space available, will be outsourced of other persons (individuals or corporate person), under the law where they will earn additional income. It is noted that the actual development costs are increasing.

[Food intake--family income in a group of teenagers from Iasi "Dimitrie Cantemir" High School]. / Corelatia alimentatie--venit pe membru de familie la un lot de adolescenti de la Liceul "Dimitrie Cantemir" din Iasi.

UNLABELLED: Food intake is influenced by a series of factors, including family, income, school and mass-media. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A group of 78 teenagers were investigated using a food intake questionary, correlating the results with family income. RESULTS: Our results show that the food intake is influenced more by family dietary habits rather than family income, with no significant differences between families with different socio-economic status. CONCLUSION: Educational programs for changing the nutritional habits must be implemented.

[Family income--nutrition correlation in a group of Negresti Vaslui preschool children]. / Relatia venitul familiei--alimentatie la un lot de prescolari din orasul Negresti judetul vaslui.

UNLABELLED: Growth and development are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. From the environmental factors, nutrition plays a key role and is income dependent. OBJECTIVES: Assessing food intake according to family financial status. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A study was conducted on 134 preschool children (ages from 3 to 7 years of age) from a Negresti kindergarten. Questionnaires were filled by parents for weekly food intake and family financial situation. Statistical analysis used Pearson test. RESULTS: According to income the group is structured in: very low income (32.8%), low income (28.3%), average income (26.8%) and above average income (12.1%). The majority of the families provides milk to their children (58.9%), varying from 54.5% (very low income) to 63.1% (low income). Poultry is present in the diet mainly for 2-3 times per week (45.5%) going from 36.8% in low income families to 55.5% in average income families. Daily fruit intake is present in 59.7% of families, varying from 45.4% (very low income) to 68.7% (above average income). Recorded differences have no statistic significance. CONCLUSION: Families income is different but the nutrition provided to children is similar, being strongly influenced by traditional nutritional habits.

[Smoking, alcohol consumption and pregnancy in a population of south-western Romania]. / Fumatul, consumul de alcool si sarcina la populatii din sud-vestul României.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the amplitude of tobacco and alcohol consumption among two populations living in urban, respectively rural areas in the South-Western part of the country. The presence of the two risky behaviours during the pregnancy was also analysed. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A number of 1,200 people, men and women, aged 18-75 years, with different educational levels, living in urban and rural communities were asked to answer a questionnaire with 111 items regarding their knowledge and attitudes about the sexual-reproductive health; 11 items referred to tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. RESULTS: About half of the subjects have never smoked. The mean age of starting smoking was 16.97 years. A number of 295 subjects (24.6%) were daily active smokers, men more frequently than women (p < 0.001). A percentage of 77.3% of the subjects used to drink alcohol, 16.4% of them daily. The daily alcohol consumption was more frequent among men, low educated people and rural inhabitants comparing to women, respectively high educated or urban inhabitants (p < 0.001); 11.2% of the respondents got frequently drunk. During the last pregnancy in the couple, women and high educated people stopped smoking and drinking more frequently then men, respectively low educated people. CONCLUSIONS: The above findings indicate the need to start in school effective health promotion campaigns to reduce tobacco and alcohol consumption and the need for support of population-based educational interventions aimed at smoking cessation in both parents.

[Average vegetable intake in a group of schoolchildren from Iasi]. / Aportul mediu de legume la un lot de elevi din orasul Iasi.

UNLABELLED: Nutritional guidance must take into account the existing situation in order to obtain the desired effects. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Vegetable intake was assessed using a questionary for 127 teenagers (49 boys and 78 girls) from two high-schools in Iasi. RESULTS: More than 80% of teenagers use vegetables on a daily base and almost 50% in adequate amount. 7.08% admited an excessive intake of vegetables and 3.93% a lack of vegetable intake, with potential harmfull effects on health status.

[Comparative study of the intake of energy nutrients by elderly institutionalized people from Galati city]. / Studiu comparativ asupra aportului de nutrienti energetici la persoanele vârstnice institutionalizate din municipiul Galati.

UNLABELLED: In this study we have analyzed, by comparison, the quality of nutrient intake at different groups of elderly institutionalized persons, in order to identify if there are significant differences between the nutrition provided in these institutions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The nutrition of 313 elderly persons was analyzed retrospective, along a period of 5 years (2002-2006), in three different locations from Galati city, using the standardized nutritional inquiry protocol. Statistical assessment was realized with program EpInfo 3.3 by univariate analysis, using descriptive statistical indicators; the significance was assessed with t-Student test. RESULTS: In two of three institutions (A and C) are assisted persons over 71 yrs. old compared to the third locations where are mainly persons over 61 yrs. old. In location A we've identified major overcomes (percentage variation over 20%) for all the nutrients, with a special mention for animal proteins and vegetal fats intake. In locations B and C the founded results indicates the same major overcome for all the nutrients, with the most serious situation for vegetal fats. If we analyze the absolute values of the nutrient intake, between all these types of nutrition are significant differences. In location B an elderly receives (on average) significant more energetic nutrients than in location C (p < 0.001) and in location A (p < 0.001) with a single exception, for animal proteins. In location A an elderly receives (on average) significant more vegetal proteins (p = 0.00018) and significant less vegetal fats (p = 0.0000277) than in location C. By consequence, in all analyzed locations, with a special mention for location B, elderly persons are confronted regularly with a hyper caloric meal. CONCLUSIONS: In all the analyzed institutions elderly persons receive an unbalanced and hyper caloric nutrition (especially women), composed mainly by nutrients provided by cheap food groups. All the differences are indicating the lack of attention for structuring the daily meal according to RDAs in persons with a high health risk profile.

[Fruit consumption in a group of teenagers from Iasi]. / Consumul de fructe la un grup de adolescenti din municipiul Iasi.

UNLABELLED: A goal for the national nutritional education program is represented by the increase of fruit consumption. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Using specially designed questionaries a group of 127 teenagers from two different Iasi high schools provided date related to thei daily fruit intake. RESULTS: Almost 40% of the teenagers use fresh fruits as part of their breakfast and a greater number use them as snacks (57.5%) or dessert (80.5%), with statistically insignificant differences between the two high schools. CONCLUSION: The fruit intake is adequate in the studied group and the programs that promote certain food habits must take into account the existing situation.

Nutrigenomics in postgenomic era.

The last years modified major our conceptions about nutrition. These revolutionary changes were produced by implementation of new techniques of functional genomics. The nutrigenomics and nutrigenomics provide powerful approaches to unravel the complex relationships between bioactive molecules, genetic polymorphisms and biological system and can give rise to personalized nutrition and dietary recommendations. In monogenic diseases (phenylketonuria, galactosemia, lactose intolerance etc.) diet influence phenotypic expression and nutrigenomics will improve the prevention or treatment by the early identification of specific mutations or haplotype combinations that modulate dietary response in affected subjects. In the multifactor diseases, like cardiovascular diseases (CVD), obesity, type II diabetes mellitus or cancer, the nutrigenomics approach has begun to reveal that some of them are susceptible to dietary intervention and may modulate the onset and progression of disorders.

[Anthropological study on hearing deficit]. / Cercetari antropologice asupra unui lot de deficienti auditivi.

UNLABELLED: Professional training of hearing impaired persons is conditioned by the stage of psychologic development and by educational level. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study was carried out on a series of 142 children (87 girls and 55 boys) aged 12 to 17 years with hearing deficit from a special school for deaf. RESULTS: The distribution of these children according to their parents being deaf or not, skills, constitution, intensity of voice was analyzed. The goal of this study is to demonstrate that students in these special schools have to get full support for participating in joint activities with hearing students. Such activities are favorable not only for developing mutual interests, but also for improving verbal expression in a new, pleasant, lively and instructive.

The study of some polyphenolic compounds from Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae).

UNLABELLED: We proposed the analyses of polyphenolic coumpounds from the Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) leaves obtained from Medicinal Plant Collection of USAMV Cluj-Napoca. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study was performed by using spectrophotometric (I) and HPLC methods (II). RESULTS: The vegetal product contains 0.64% flavonoids expressed in rutoside and 8,962% phenyl-propane derivatives expressed in caffeic acid (I). HPLC analyses (II) were made after extraction of studied compounds from leaves with ethyl-ether, ethyl acetate and 1-buthanol. These extracts were analyzed before and after the hydrolysis of compounds. There were identified 6 polyphenolic compounds: caftaric acid, caffeic acid, p-cumaric acid, ferulic acid, luteolin and apigenin. CONCLUSION: The extracted amount of these compounds in chosen solvents depending of their polarity.

[Experimental study regarding the involvement of vitamins in the development of the dentomaxilar system]. / Studiu experimental privind implicarea vitaminelor in dezvoltarea sistemului dentomaxilar.

The severe deficiencies of maternal nutrition in vitamins, both before and during pregnancy, might induce severe alterations of developing teeth in embryos and very young rats. Thus, the morphologic analysis of embryonic preparations revealed blood vessels slightly widen out, without turgescence, increased cellular density with oedema of the conjunctive tissue, foamy aspect of cells from mesenchyma. The adult preparations presented decreased cellular density with important fibrosis and presence of foamy cells, lack of dentine formation with small and diffuse proteinic accumulations, rarefied blood vessels, lack of enamel formation.

[Food intake patterns in a mentally disabled children's community]. / Aspecte ale aportului alimentar intr-o colectivitate de copii cu handicap mental.

AIM: To asses the food intake in a closed community of mentally disabled school children. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The dietary survey was performed according to the ongoing romanian regulations, taking into account 11 food groups. RESULTS: Each of the four dietary surveys showed that certain food groups are present in the diet in very small quantities (such as fish, milk, animal fat, eggs, fruits) and other are present in excess (potatoes, cereals, oils, dry vegetables), not regarding the season of the dietary survey. Even if the energy requirements are met, there is no interest in providing the children with a balanced diet. CONCLUSION: Changes are needed in order to improve the food intake patterns and a more carefully menu planning is required.

[Physical development and health status in mentally disabled school children]. / Dezvoltarea fizica si starea de sanatate a elevilor cu retard mental.

UNLABELLED: Mentally disabled children represent about 3% from the children population. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 102 children with mental disabilities were investigated using physical and somatometric examination. RESULTS: The mental disabilities are associated with different diseases, in most cases correlated in intensity with de degree of mental disorder. The physical development is considered to be with average values for the majority of children; the presence of harmonic development is predominant, but we met cases in which the values for height and weight are small or even pathologic. CONCLUSION: Mentally disabled school children physical development and health status raise many problems for the medical staff and the management of these children implies permanent monitoring.

[Nutritional assessment of the students from two European university centers]. / Evaluarea nutritionala a studentilor din doua centre universitare Europene.

UNLABELLED: This paper presents the results of a comparative study between the diets of the students from the University of Valencia and the diets of the students from the School of Pharmacy within Cluj-Napoca "I. Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study focused on the analysis of Body Mass Index (BMI) of the students from the two universities, on the assessment of the calorie and nutrients intake per sexes, on the determination of the calorie and nutrient distribution per main courses and snacks, on the determination of the consumption per foodstuff groups at the main courses and snacks. All these parameters have been analysed and interpreted in a unitary form and according to the Spanish standards. RESULTS: No significant differences have been noticed between Spanish and Romanian students regarding the BMI. The food intake was adequate, but in case of Romanian students the timetable for meals is irregular and in the menu structure potatoes and bread are present in large amount. CONCLUSIONS: Additional nutritional education is required in order to eliminate the errors and miss-conception related with the food intake.

Maternal death and orphans in Cluj County.

UNLABELLED: The communist government that led Romania before the 1989 Revolution practiced a demographic policy which claimed to protect the family and encouraged women to have minimum five children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The complex implications of maternal death rate, as a negative demographic phenomenon, were investigated through a descriptive, observational retrospective study made in the Cluj County, Romania, between 1970 and 2004. The study covers all deceased mothers (n = 263 cases) recorded in Cluj County from 1970 to 2004. The data were collected from the primary evidence documents of the Obstetrics-Gynecology Clinics and were analyzed on socio-demographic variables, causes and consequences of death before and after 1990. RESULTS: Up to 1989, the majority of maternal deaths were caused by abortion and its complications. After the changes in the demographic policy in 1990, this cause of maternal death decreased dramatically, the first cause now being obstetrical risk. The age group most affected by mother death was married women between 20-39 years old, coming from the country side and with a low level of education. These deaths left 520 children orphan. CONCLUSIONS: The death of these mothers generated a considerable number of orphans, who were likely to become socially dependent. Since orphans have equal rights to life and social integration with other children, the society should become actively engaged in their upbringing, supervision and special education.