ABSTRACT
Introduction: The incidence of breast cancer in Indonesia is the highest among types of cancer in women, with an estimated pain prevalence of 40%-89%. More than 50% of cancer patients suffer from pain that has not been resolved. Cancer pain's impact will affect the comfort level and quality of life. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of DRM Pain Relief on the degree of pain, comfort, and quality of life among breast cancer patients. Methods: The research was a true experimental study with pre-test and post-test designs with a control group. The population was all breast cancer patients attending hospitals in Semarang and Pekalongan Districts. The research subjects were 64 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were selected randomly and divided into two groups, namely 32 in the treatment group (DRM Pain Relief application) and 32 in the control group (only received drugs as conventional therapy in the hospital). Data were analyzed using a multivariate test. Results: The application of DRM Pain Relief was effective in reducing the degree of pain (p < .001), and effectively increasing comfort (p < .001), as well as improving the quality of life of breast cancer patients in the components of improvement in symptom status, functional status, and global quality of life with p-value <.001, .003, < .001, respectively. Conclusion: The DRM Pain Relief effectively reduces the degree of pain, increases comfort, and improves the quality of life of breast cancer patients.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore perceived determinants of condom use behaviors among male clients of female commercial sex workers (FCSWs) in Belu and Malaka districts, Indonesia. One-on-one in-depth interviews guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM) were used to collect the data from participants ( n = 42). The Framework analysis for qualitative data was employed to analyze the data. Results demonstrated several factors associated with lack of and inconsistent condom use among the participants. They included self-perceived risk of contracting HIV infection, knowledge of the severity of HIV illness and its impacts, and condom use: its benefits and its influencing factors. Additionally, factors including reduced sexual pleasure and the lack of knowledge of how and where to access condoms were important perceived barriers to condom use among participants. Having seen images of HIV-/AIDS-positive people, knowing friends and relatives suffering from HIV, and knowing FCSWs as a high-risk group for HIV infection were the cues to using condoms among several participants. Likewise, self-efficacy was also associated with condom use behaviors among the participants. The findings indicate the needs for HIV/AIDS interventions that include dissemination of HIV/AIDS knowledge, condom promotion, and improvement in the availability of condoms for both FCSWs and their clients.
