ABSTRACT
The common snook Centropomus undecimalis inhabits marine, brackish and freshwater habitats in the Western Central Atlantic Ocean, including the Gulf of Mexico. Common snook is an economically important fish in many localities, nevertheless the number of studies on its biology and genetics are still few. The present study attempts to establish the cytogenetic profiles of the specimens collected in Paraiso Municipality Tabasco, Mexico. Tissue of five females and eight male organisms were processed by conventional cytological techniques to obtain chromosome slides of high quality in order to assemble the karyotype. The results from the kidney tissue analysis showed that 85.1% of 288 mitosis had a 2n = 48 chromosomes, and 52.8% of 104 meiosis exhibited the haploid number 1n = 24. The diploid karyotype showed 48 monoarmed chromosomes of the telocentric (T) type. There was no chromosome heteromorphism between females and males. The diploid karyotype was very similar to that observed in the majority of marine fishes.
Subject(s)
Fishes/genetics , Meiosis/genetics , Mitosis/genetics , Animals , Atlantic Ocean , Female , Fishes/classification , Fishes/physiology , Karyotyping , Male , Meiosis/physiology , Mitosis/physiologyABSTRACT
Karyotypic characterization in mitosis and meiosis of the common snook Centropomus undecimalis (Pisces: Centropomidae). The common snook Centropomus undecimalis inhabits marine, brackish and freshwater habitats in the Western Central Atlantic Ocean, including the Gulf of Mexico. Common snook is an economically important fish in many localities, nevertheless the number of studies on its biology and genetics are still few. The present study attempts to establish the cytogenetic profiles of the specimens collected in Paraiso Municipality Tabasco, Mexico. Tissue of five females and eight male organisms were processed by conventional cytological techniques to obtain chromosome slides of high quality in order to assemble the karyotype. The results from the kidney tissue analysis showed that 85.1% of 288 mitosis had a 2n=48 chromosomes, and 52.8% of 104 meiosis exhibited the haploid number 1n=24. The diploid karyotype showed 48 monoarmed chromosomes of the telocentric (T) type. There was no chromosome heteromorphism between females and males. The diploid karyotype was very similar to that observed in the majority of marine fishes. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (2): 683-692. Epub 2011 June 01.
El robalo blanco Centropomus undecimalis, vive en hábitats marinos, salobres y dulceacuícolas en el océano Atlántico occidental, incluyendo el golfo de México. La especie, es económicamente importante en varias localidades, no obstante los estudios sobre su biología y genética son hasta el momento pocos. El presente estudio tiene como propósito, la caracterización citogenética de especímenes recolectados en el municipio de Paraíso, Tabasco, México. Cinco hembras y ocho machos fueron procesados por técnicas citológicas convencionales para la obtención de preparaciones cromosómicas de buena calidad para elaborar el cariotipo. Los resultados del análisis del tejido del riñón, mostraron que 85.1% de 288 mitosis tienen 2n=48 cromosomas y 52.8% de 104 meiosis exhiben el número haploide de 1n=24. El cariotipo diploide mostro 48 cromosomas monorrámeos de tipo telocéntrico (T). No se observó heteromorfismo cromosómico entre hembras y machos. El cariotipo diploide fue similar a los observados en la mayoría de peces marinos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Fishes/genetics , Meiosis/genetics , Mitosis/genetics , Atlantic Ocean , Fishes/classification , Fishes/physiology , Karyotyping , Meiosis/physiology , Mitosis/physiologyABSTRACT
In Mexico, the biology of Procambarus has been more studied than the biology of other Cambarids because of its diversity and potential use in aquaculture. We determined the karyotype of the Mexican tropical freshwater crayfish Procambarus (Austrocambarus) llamasi from 189 metaphase spreads from gill tissues of 17 adults. They had 98-120 chromosomes (mode 2n=120 chromosomes). There are 60 pairs of monoarm, telocentric chromosomes. Sex chromosomes were not detected and we propose that the P. llamasi karyotype can be used to distinguish this species from other Mexican crayfish. Additionally, we suggest using karyological data in aquaculture and conservation biology.
Subject(s)
Astacoidea/genetics , Karyotyping , Animals , Female , Fresh Water , Male , MexicoABSTRACT
In Mexico, the biology of Procambarus has been more studied than the biology of other Cambarids because of its diversity and potential use in aquaculture. We determined the karyotype of the Mexican tropical freshwater crayfish Procambarus (Austrocambarus) llamasi from 189 metaphase spreads from gill tissues of 17 adults. They had 98-120 chromosomes (mode 2n=120 chromosomes). There are 60 pairs of monoarm, telocentric chromosomes. Sex chromosomes were not detected and we propose that the P. llamasi karyotype can be used to distinguish this species from other Mexican crayfish. Additionally, we suggest using karyological data in aquaculture and conservation biology. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (2): 655-662. Epub 2010 June 02.
El género Procambarus ha recibido mayor atención en los estudios de los principios fundamentales de su biología debido a su diversidad en el territorio mexicano y potencial uso en acuicultura. El cariotipo típico del acocil tropical mexicano Procambarus (Austrocambarus) llamasi, se estudió mediante 189 dispersiones cromosómicas en metafase del tejido branquial de 17 adultos tratados con la técnica citológica de inmersión. Encontramos un amplio número de cromosomas, que variaron entre 98-120 elementos cromosómicos, con número modal diploide de 2n=120 elementos cromosómicos. El cariotipo del acocil tropical esta constituido por 60 pares de cromosomas monorrámeos, todos los centrómero están en la región telocéntrica de los cromosomas. En las metafases mitóticas de hembras y machos no fueron identificados cromosomas sexuales. Sugerimos considerar la estructura cromosómica del cariotipo como una herramienta citotaxonómica así como el empleo de datos cariológicos para propósitos de acuicultura y conservación del acocil tropical.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Astacoidea/genetics , Karyotyping , Fresh Water , MexicoABSTRACT
The lipid class and fatty acid composition of a little-known and rarely collected alga Exophyllum wentii from Bali Island, Indonesia were determined for fresh and frozen-thawed samples using thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Glycoglycerolipids, which mainly consisted of mongalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG), were the predominant lipid components, accounting for 67% and 56% of the total polar lipid content in the fresh and frozen-thawed samples, respectively. Phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylglycerols (PG), were detected with lesser amounts in both samples (16-17% of the total polar lipid content). Free fatty acids (FFA), sterols and triacylglycerols (TAG) were also detected in minor quantities; however, the FFA content in the frozen-thawed sample increased to up to 20% of the total lipid content, suggesting that hydrolysis of the membrane lipids had occurred. A crude enzyme preparation from the alga showed activities for hydrolyzing the acyl groups of the phospholipids and glycoglycerolipids. Palmitic acid (16:0) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) were the major fatty acids in both the total lipid and in individual polar lipid classes as well as the dominant fatty acids released from the membrane lipids by enzymatic hydrolysis. The high level of 20:4n-6 (29%) in the total lipid and the presence of considerable amounts of PC (11% of the total polar lipid) and PG (6.2%) support classification of E. wentii into the Division Rhodophyta.
