ABSTRACT
Algae are a rich source of bioactive compounds and health properties that have been narrowly explored in goat production systems. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding diets supplemented with Sargassum spp. on antioxidant status and immune parameters in goat kids. The diets were as follows: control (basal diet without alga), Sargassum spp. 2.5% (Ss2.5), and Sargassum spp. 5% (S5) fed over a 70-day period. A total of 11 body tissues, intestinal mucus, and blood serum were sampled at necropsy. Protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme, and anti-protease activities were determined, as well as immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). The results indicated that Sargassum spp. supplementation increased protein content in six tissues. Antioxidant activities (SOD and CAT) and immune-related (lysozyme, MPO, and anti-protease) activities were statistically higher (P < 0.05) in Sargassum spp. groups compared with control in several tissues, intestinal mucus, and serum. Imunoglobulin A levels in intestinal mucus were higher (P < 0.05) in Sargassum spp.-supplemented groups than the control group. In conclusion, diet supplementation of Sargassum spp. improves the antioxidant status and enhances the immune parameters in goats. Sargassum spp. dietary supplementation is proposed as strategy to strengthen antioxidant status and stimulate the immune system, which helps in the control of opportunistic pathogens in goats.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism , Antioxidants/metabolism , Diet/veterinary , Goats/immunology , Goats/metabolism , Sargassum/chemistry , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Goats/growth & development , Random Allocation , Seaweed/chemistryABSTRACT
AIM: The authors review the possible connection between a dental malocclusion and a temporal mandibular disorder (TMD). METHODOLOGY: The authors have reflected on several patient case histories to remind us that there may be instances when a simple case of dental malocclusion could be blamed for instigating the signs and symptoms of TMD. The common denominator for this discussion is the situation of joint pain, dysfunction and/or myalgia. Patient-reported signs and symptoms, along with treatment results and progress notes were evaluated. RESULTS: The onset of TMD signs could be traced to an altered dental occlusion, which, upon maximum closure drives the mandible in a posterior direction, forcing the condylar head to now impinge upon retrodiscal tissue and the resultant muscle reflex protective response. Correction for the dentally induced malocclusion obviated the symptoms of TMD with patient-reported improved health. CONCLUSIONS: When a patient presents with signs consistent with those of a TMD, the clinician should include a review of recently placed dental restorations or occlusal equilibration to assess the patient's adaptive occlusion. Overlooking this quick evaluation on the exam checklist may lead to the clinician missing a simple treatment modality to address a TMD.
Subject(s)
Cumulative Trauma Disorders/etiology , Cumulative Trauma Disorders/therapy , Malocclusion/etiology , Malocclusion/therapy , Occlusal Splints , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/complications , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/therapy , Adult , Cumulative Trauma Disorders/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Malocclusion/physiopathology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Conventional complete denture prosthetics require several appointments to register the maxillomandibular relationship and evaluate the esthetics. The fabrication of milled complete dental prostheses with digital scanning technology may decrease the number of appointments. The step-by-step method necessary to obtain impressions, maxillomandibular relation records, and anterior tooth position with an anatomic measuring device is described. The technique allows the generation of a virtual denture, which is milled to exact specifications without the use of conventional stone casts, flasking, or processing techniques.
