Themes Associated with Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Among People Attracted to Children.

Suicide represents a significant public health problem, with around 800,000 deaths per year worldwide and up to 20 times as many episodes of self-harm and suicide attempts. Members of stigmatized groups may experience increased risk of suicide due in part to stigma-related factors, such as expectations of rejection, internalization of negative stereotypes, or potential for greater social isolation. Research suggests that adults who are attracted to children face extreme stigma, even those who do not commit sexual crimes involving children. Adults who are attracted to children also experience significantly increased risk for suicidal ideation and behavior (SIB) compared to general population samples. The current study sought to explore experiences with SIB among adults attracted to children to better understand factors underlying suicidality in this population. The lead author conducted semi-structured interviews in a community sample of 15 adults attracted to children who self-reported some form of SIB in their lifetime. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, the lead author explored and interpreted interview data to generate themes driven by respondents' characterizations of their SIB. Superordinate themes related to suicidality in this sample included low self-esteem or self-worth, cumulative impacts of the attraction and other stressors, and concerns about the ability to have a positive future due to the attraction. Findings underscore the importance of addressing internalized stigma, treating problems like depression and social isolation, and instilling hope for the future to promote mental health and prevent SIB among adults attracted to children.

Self-Esteem, Perceived Social Support, and Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Among Adults Attracted to Children.

Introduction: People who are attracted to children may be at elevated risk for suicidal ideation and behavior compared to the general population. However, factors associated with suicidal ideation and behavior in this population represent a gap in the literature.Methods: The current study used multilinear regression to explore the impact of self-esteem and perceived social support on suicidal ideation and behavior in a sample of 154 adults attracted to children. Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the role of lifetime major depressive disorder and hopelessness in these relationships.Results: Results showed high prevalence of past-year and lifetime suicidal ideation and behavior in the sample. Both self-esteem and perceived social support demonstrated significant, inverse relationships with suicidal ideation and behavior after adjustment for covariates. Mediation analyses provided support for the role of hopelessness, but not depression, in these relationships.Conclusion: Results demonstrate high rates of suicidal ideation and behavior among adults attracted to children and highlight important opportunities for prevention and intervention. Improving self-esteem, bolstering perceived social support, reducing hopelessness, and removing barriers to help-seeking may be targets for improving mental health and preventing suicidal ideation and behavior in this population.

Associations of adverse childhood experiences with adolescent total sleep time, social jetlag, and insomnia symptoms.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with sleep problems in adulthood, but less research has focused on ACEs and sleep during adolescence. The goal of the present study was to explore associations between ACEs reported at ages 5 and 9 years, and sleep (ie, total sleep time (TST), social jetlag, and insomnia symptoms) at age 15. METHODS: Participants comprised 817 families from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a nationally representative sample of children born to unwed parents. Number of ACEs was constructed from primary-caregiver reports at ages 5 and 9, and sleep measures (ie, TST, social jetlag, and insomnia symptoms) were derived from adolescent-reported sleep behaviors at age 15. RESULTS: Adjusting for sex and race/ethnicity, ACEs at age 9 were associated with longer weekend TST (B = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.28), more social jetlag (B = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.07, 0.27), and higher odds of trouble falling asleep ≥3 times per week (Odds Ratio = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.53). In females only, ACEs were associated with greater school night TST (B = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.23). Results were similar after further adjustment for symptoms of anxiety and depression. Associations among ACEs, social jetlag, and insomnia symptoms appeared strongest among Non-Hispanic Black adolescents. CONCLUSION: ACEs appear to be related to multiple aspects of sleep in adolescence. Additional research is needed to confirm these associations and examine the extent to which sleep disturbances associated with ACEs account for later health outcomes.

Preventing and responding to child sexual abuse: Organizational efforts.

BACKGROUND: Child sexual abuse (CSA) remains an ongoing threat to the wellbeing of children who might be victimized, to the liberty of individuals who might engage in abusive behavior, and to the reputations and livelihood of organizations in which abuse might occur. In the U.S., millions of children participate in youth-serving organizations (YSOs), and it is known that a proportion of CSA occurs in these settings. Despite the severity of these threats, there is little knowledge of the steps that organizations take to prevent and respond to CSA. OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to index current measures to prevent and respond to CSA in organizational settings, using four of the largest U.S.-based YSOs as exemplars. METHODS: In partnership with our partner YSOs, we completed a qualitative analysis of 74 organizational documents including written policies, codes of conduct, trainings, and other documents that formalize these four organizations' current CSA prevention and intervention efforts. RESULTS: These organizations collectively implement hundreds of distinct measures aimed at preventing, detecting, and responding to CSA. These measures were categorized under eight overarching themes, including: overall commitment to child safety, code of conduct, training and education, assessment, implementation and monitoring, screening and hiring, reporting and responding to child sexual abuse, youth problem sexual behavior, and boundaries for teen leaders and young adult staff. CONCLUSION: Findings from the current study, outlining key prevention and policy areas undertaken by participating YSOs, offer a starting point for discussion about core elements needed to keep children safe from sexual abuse in YSO settings.