ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe health and social inequalities in maternal and child health indicators defined in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.1 and SDG 3.2 targets based on administrative data among the departments of Paraguay in 2017. METHODS: Quantitative descriptive study with ecological design. Simple gap measures and complex gradient measures based on the adjustment of negative binomial and logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: Fifty percent of Paraguay's departments have estimated maternal mortality ratio (MMR) values higher than the national value. The percentage of births attended by a qualified professional in the country is 98.1%, with a range between 82.4% and 99.9%. In 13 of 18 departments, under-five mortality rate (U5MR) is higher than the national average, ranging from 4.2 to 49.2 deaths per 1 000 live births. Neonatal mortality rates (NMR) in the departments vary from 2.6 to 45.1 deaths per 1 000 live births. There are major health and social inequalities in the MMR, U5MR and NMR between the departments. There are no high inequalities in the percentage of births attended by a qualified professional between the departments. CONCLUSIONS: Paraguay needs to make significant efforts to reduce the health and social inequalities that exist in the MMR, U5MR and NMR between departments. Numerical targets must be established to improve national values and reduce inequalities in these indicators, which will allow for accountability on the commitment to "leave no one behind" established in the SDG, and will help generate strategies to improve the health of women and children in Paraguay.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: La mortalidad materna en Paraguay, como problema de salud pública e indicador que mide el acceso a la salud y el desarrollo de un país, refleja el déficit en los determinantes sociales y derechos humanos. El Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social -MSPBS- ha ido ejecutando intervenciones costo-efectivas mediante la Movilización Nacional para la disminución de la mortalidad materna y neonatal -MNPDMMN-, mejorando los registros. Objetivo: Analizar la situación de las Muertes Maternas en Paraguay y los alcances del 2008 a 2018. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transverso y retrospectivo, identificándose 1056 casos de muerte materna -MM- del 2008-2018, mediante la revisión de registros (SSIEV del MSPBS) con los códigos CIE-10: O00-O95, O98-O99 y A34, B20-B24. La información se tradujo en programa Excel de Microsoft Corporation™ versión 2007 y se analizó mediante Epi Info 7. Resultados: En Paraguay, el año 2008 registra 117,4 como Razón de Muerte Materna -RMM-; el 2014, 63,9 concordante al inicio de la MNPDMMN; el 2018, 70,8 (las metas del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 3 apuntan a reducir la RMM mundial a < 70 muertes maternas por 100.000 nacidos vivos), siendo el 74,7% (IC95% 63,6- 83,8) casos de MM directa. En el período 2008-2018, para el total de causas de MM: aborto (20,1%), complicaciones hemorrágicas (19,8%) trastornos hipertensivos (18,7%), sepsis (4,6%), SIDA (1,1%), tétanos obstétrico (0,3%), otras complicaciones perinatales (35,4%); y las causas principales de MM directas en el 2018 continúan siendo: aborto (20,3%), trastornos hipertensivos (20,3%) y hemorragias obstétricas (15,2%). En el período 2008-2018, para los grupos etarios: 20-29 años (40,7%), 30-39 años (37,0%), 10-19 años (13,3%) con tendencias anuales de altibajos. Conclusión: Se debe garantizar una atención calificada perinatal institucional y de planificación familiar, potenciando estrategias vitales como: trabajo con parteras empíricas, prevención del embarazo en la adolescencia y del aborto. Palabras clave: Mortalidad materna; Programas Nacionales de Salud; Estrategias vitales. Paraguay.
Introduction: Maternal mortality in Paraguay, as a public health problem, reflects the deficit in social determinants and human rights, being an indicator that measures the access to health and development of a country. The Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social -MSPBShas been carrying out cost-effective interventions through the National Mobilization to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality -NMRMNM-, and to improve records. Objective: Analyze the situation of Maternal Deaths in Paraguay and the scope of 2008 to 2018 period. Methods: Observational, descriptive, transverse and retrospective study, identifying 1056 cases of maternal death -MD- in the 2008-2018 period, by reviewing records (SSIEV of the MSPBS) identified by ICD-10 codes: O00- O95, O98-O99 and A34, B20-B24. The information was translated into Excel program from Microsoft Corporation ™ 2007 version and analyzed using Epi Info 7. Results: In Paraguay, there is a Maternal Death Ratio - MDR- of 117.4 in 2008; in 2014, 63.9 according to the beginning of the NMRMNM; in 2018, 70.8 is recorded (the goals of Sustainable Development Goal 3 aim to reduce global MDR to < 70 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births), with 74.7% (95% CI 63.6-83.8) cases of direct MD. For the total causes of MD in the 2008-2018 period: abortion (20.1%), hemorrhagic complications (19.8%) hypertensive disorders (18.7%), sepsis (4.6%), AIDS (1.1%), obstetric tetanus (0.3%), other perinatal complications (35.4%); and the main causes of direct MD in 2018 continue to be: abortion (20.3%), hypertensive disorders (20.3%) and obstetric hemorrhages (15.2%). In the 2008-2018 period, for age groups: 20-29 years (40.7%), 30-39 years (37.0%), 10-19 years (13.3%) with annual rise or fall trends. Conclusion: Qualified institutional perinatal care and family planning should be guaranteed, promoting vital strategies such as: work with empirical midwives, prevention of adolescent pregnancy and abortion. Keywords: Maternal mortality ; National Health Programs; Vital strategies. Paraguay.
