[Bronchoscopic methods in complex diagnosis and treatment of burned patients with inhalation injuries]. / Bronkhoskopicheskie metody v kompleksnoi diagnostike i lechenii obozhzhennykh s ingaliatsionnymi porazheniiami.

Chromobronchoscopy was first used in treatment of 37 burned patients with inhalation injuries for better visual manifestation of the injuries of the tracheobronchial tree mucosa. The trachea and bronchi mucosa was irrigated with a viral stain--0.25% aqueous solution of methylene blue. The intensity of staining the mucosa in light blue colour showed the true limits and depth of the injury. Resulting from the clinico-endoscopic examinations supplemented with findings of chromobronchoscopy, cytological and bacteriological analyses, a working classification of inhalation injuries in burned people was developed which allowed the adequate methods of local treatment during fiber bronchoscopy to be worked out taking into account the degree of thermochemical injuries of the respiratory pathways. It resulted in 19.7% lower lethality of burned patients.

[Endoscopic and histological changes in the mucosa of the gastric stump in Helicobacter pylori infection]. / Endoskopicheskie i gistologicheskie izmeneniia slizistoi obolozhki kul'ti zheludka pri infitsirovanii Helicobacter pylori.

Under investigation there were 50 patients with resected stomach at different terms after operations: 37 patients after subtotal resection of the stomach for cancer and 13 patients after resection of 2/3 of the stomach for ulcer disease. The overwhelming majority of the patients with the resected stomach had chronic gastritis of the stump diagnosed endoscopically and histologically. No reliable difference of the endoscopic and histological indices of the state of the gastric stump mucosa was found in relation to the disease which was the cause of resection and to the time since the operation. The presence of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric stump mucosa was found in 37 of 50 examined patients (74%). In the group of patients with Helicobacter pylori in the gastric stump mucosa there were no reliable differences in endoscopic findings but changes in the histological picture were found significantly more often independent of the disease which caused the resection. Atrophic alterations in the gastric stump mucosa after resection in patients with Helicobacter pylori develop in patients of younger age and in earlier terms after operation.

[The clinico-endoscopic characteristics of gastric erosions and their relationship to Helicobacter pylori lesions]. / Kliniko-éndoskopicheskaia kharakteristika érozii zheludka i ikh sviaz' s porazheniem Helicobacter pylori.

Fibrogastroduodenoscopy was carried out in 285 patients. In all cases with gastric erosions chromograstroscopy was done with the purpose of revealing the acid-production function of the stomach. Helicobacter pylori was revealed mainly in patients with "complete" erosions against the background of chronic gastritis B.

[Means of improving the surgical treatment of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer]. / Puti sovershenstvovaniia khirurgicheskogo lecheniia iazvennoi boleznizheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

Based upon the experience with the treatment of 2312 patients with ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum the authors analysed the major tasks which must be solved for obtaining better immediate and long-term results of the surgical treatment. In 1880 (81,3%) of the patients with a gastric ulcer and a complicated ulcer of the duodenum the stomach resection gave favorable outcomes in 98,6%. In 432 patients (18,7%) organ-preserving operations were made, in 185 of them it was vagotomy. The vagotomy was followed by recovery of 99,5% of the patients. Longterm results were studied in 1486 patients. Bad outcomes were noted in 34 patients (2,4%) after stomach resections and in 16 patients (11%) after vagotomy.

[Endoscopic characteristics of focal hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa]. / Endoskopicheskaia kharakteristika ochagovykh giperplazii slizistoi obolochki zheludka.

A gastroscopic examination of 58 patients with atrophic gastritis established focal hyperplasia in 3.5% of cases. Endoscopically, focal hyperplasia appeared as flat plaques, tuberosity and short folds. Early plaque-shaped cancer of the stomach was suspected in 13 cases which was histologically confirmed in I case. Different forms of atrophic gastritis were detected in 56.9% of cases of focal hyperplasia by histological examination of the material obtained by aiming gastrobiopsy. It is suggested that focal hyperplasia is an endoscopic manifestation of dysregeneratory process occurring in gastric mucosa.

[Clinical endoscopic criteria of the early forms of esophageal cancer]. / Kliniko-éndoskopicheskie kriterii rannikh form raka pishchevoda.

An analysis is given of the clinico-endoscopic findings in 1389 patients with esophageal cancer, in 27 of them an early form of cancer was noted. Fibroesophagoscopy is of special importance for early diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Visual examination of the mucous membrane associated with the possibility to obtain the material for histological and cytologic assays makes the technic concerned indispensable for solving the diagnostic difficulties involved.

[Assessment of precancerous states of the esophagus in dynamic observation]. / Otsenka predrakovykh sostoianii pishchevoda pri dinamicheskom nabliudenii.

One hundred and thirty six patients with chronic lesions of the esophagus and stomach were observed dynamically for a 5-year period (with the use of fibroesophagogastroscopy). Twelve patients showed the esophageal cancer development: in 7 of 86 patients with chronic esophagitis and in 5 of 15 patients with leukoplakia. A high incidence of leukoplakia transition into cancer allows its being referrred to an obligate precancer of the esophagus. Atrophic esophagitis presents the background against which leukoplakia arises.