From pulmonary susceptible tuberculosis to extensively drug resistant tuberculosis: An interesting case report of a young Indian girl.

Tuberculosis is one of the top ten causes of death and the leading cause from a single infectious agent. Drug-resistant Tuberculosis continues to be a public health crisis. Urgent action is required to improve the coverage and quality of diagnosis, treatment and care for people with drug-resistant Tuberculosis. Patients with pulmonary Tuberculosis can spread the disease by coughing, sneezing, or simply talking. For that reason, it is important to diagnosis Tuberculosis in order to start treatment as soon as possible. In the present manuscript we present the case of a 25-year-old Indian HIV-negative female, no comorbidity, with a history of drug susceptible tuberculosis diagnosed in 2015 which advanced in extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis after two years of treatment. This case report highlights the risk of mismanagement of patient affected by Tuberculosis and the consequences related which could harm the patient's health.

Clinical features associated with linezolid resistance among multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India.

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an increasing problem worldwide, and 24% occurs in India. Linezolid is associated with improved MDR-TB treatment outcomes but causes significant side-effects and drug susceptibility testing (DST) is rarely available. This study assessed whether clinical factors could predict linezolid resistance. METHODS: An observational cohort of adults and adolescents with MDR-TB at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India was analyzed for clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings associated with linezolid resistance. RESULTS: In total, 343 MDR-TB patients had linezolid DST performed, and 23 (6.7%) had linezolid-resistant MDR-TB. Univariable analysis associated linezolid resistance with underweight (odds ratio (OR)-1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.01-1.12); number of previous providers (OR:1.03, 95% CI:1.00-1.05); previous treatment with linezolid (OR:1.12, 95% CI:1.06-1.05), bedaquiline (OR:1.55, 95% CI:1.22-1.98), or clofazimine (OR:1.08 95% CI:1.03-1.16); cavitary disease (OR:1.10, 95% CI:1.04-1.16) and percent lung involvement (OR:1.02, 95% CI:1.01-1.03) on radiograph. DST associated linezolid resistance with resistance to fluoroquinolones (OR:1.08, 95% CI:1.01-1.14), injectables (OR:1.09, 95% CI:1.03-1.15), ethionamide (OR:1.09, 95% CI:1.03-1.15), and PAS (OR:1.13, 95% CI:1.06-1.21). In multivariate analysis, only prior linezolid and percent lung involvement were associated with linezolid resistance. CONCLUSION: To maximize treatment benefits while minimizing toxicity, DST remains an important tool to identify linezolid resistance.

[Usefulness of long-term monitoring of neonatal arterial pressure]. / Utilità del monitoraggio, a lungo termine, della pressione arteriosa neonatale.

30 newborns were studied, whose systolic arterial pressure has been controlled every 30 minutes 48 hours long, with oscillometric automatic technique. The resulting average of oscillation was 45.1 +/- 12.8 mmHg for systolic pressure and 36 +/- 11.4 mmHg for diastolic pressure. Wide pressure oscillations, you can find in some newborns, could be related with the development of a future pressure hypertension, and therefore a long term pressure monitoring would turn to a real useful test to single out future hypertensive subjects.