Síndrome Paraneoplásico: Dermatomiositis secundaria a carcinoma de vesícula biliar: Reporte de un caso / Paraneoplastic Syndrome. Dermatomyositis secondary to gallbladder carcinoma: A case report

RESUMEN La dermatomiositis paraneoplásica, y en particular vinculada a carcinoma de vesícula biliar es una entidad infrecuente, con menos de diez casos reportados a nivel mundial. Presentamos un paciente de 74 años con manifestaciones clínicas y dermatológicas asociadas a dermatomiositis, lo que impulsó a realizar estudios más específicos, los cuales permitieron diagnosticar finalmente un carcinoma de vesícula biliar. Haremos un repaso de esta patología en relación con el caso presentado, destacando la importancia del examen dermatológico completo como primer eslabón en el diagnóstico de neoplasias de órganos internos.

ABSTRACT Paraneoplastic dermatomyositis, particularly associated with gallbladder carcinoma, is an infrequent entity, with less than 10 cases reported worldwide. We present a 74-year-old patient with clinical and dermatological manifestations associated with dermatomyositis, which prompted more specific studies, to finally find gallbladder carcinoma. We will review this pathology in relation to the case presented, highlighting the importance of the complete dermatological examination as the first link in the diagnosis of neoplasms of internal organs.

Nevo epidérmico verrugoso inflamatorio lineal extenso. Reporte de un caso / Extensive linear inflammatory wart epidermal nevus. Case Report

Resumen El nevo epidérmico verrugoso inflamatorio lineal (NEVIL), es una variante rara de nevo epidérmico que aparece con mayor frecuencia al nacer o en la primera infancia. Clínicamente, se presenta como placas eritematosas, queratósicas muy pruriginosas siguiendo las líneas de Blaschko. La anatomía patológica cumple un rol esencial para el diagnóstico diferencial y el tratamiento constituye un desafío médico. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 38 años de edad, con manifestación extensa de la patología y poca respuesta al tratamiento.

Abstract Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) is a rare variant of epidermal nevus that appears most frequently at birth or in early childhood. Clinically, it is presented as pruritic keratotic erythematous plaques, following the lines of Blaschko. Histopatology plays an essential role for differential diagnosis and treatment constitutes a medical challenge. We present the case of a 38-year-old man, with extensive presentation of the pathology and little response to topical therapy.

Liquen plano linealblashkoide, reporte de 2 casos / Linear lichen planus along the lines of Blaschko, report of 2 cases

RESUMEN El liquen plano es una dermatosis inflamatoria autolimitada, de etiología desconocida, relativamente común. Existen múltiples variedades clínicas,que se basan en la disposición, morfología y localización de las lesiones, siendo el liquen plano lineal a lo largo de las líneas de Blaschko una presentación de distribución rara. Se presentan dos casos en pacientes de sexo masculino de 22 y 21 años de edad, con confirmación histológica y buena respuesta clínica al tratamiento tópico.

SUMMARY Lichen planus is a self-limited inflammatory dermatosis, relatively common, with a unknown cause. There are multiple clinical varieties, based on the disposition, morphology and location of the lesions, being the linear lichen planar along the lines of Blaschko a rare distribution presentation. We report two cases in male patients of 22 and 21 years of age, with histological confirmation and a good clinical response to topical treatment.

Vaccine breaks: Outbreaks of myxomatosis on Spanish commercial rabbit farms.

Despite the success of vaccination against myxoma virus, myxomatosis remains a problem on rabbit farms throughout Spain and Europe. In this study we set out to evaluate possible causes of myxoma virus (MYXV) vaccine failures addressing key issues with regard to pathogen, vaccine and vaccination strategies. This was done by genetically characterising MYXV field isolates from farm outbreaks, selecting a representative strain for which to assay its virulence and measuring the protective capability of a commercial vaccine against this strain. Finally, we compare methods (route) of vaccine administration under farm conditions and evaluate immune response in vaccinated rabbits. The data presented here show that the vaccine tested is capable of eliciting protection in rabbits that show high levels of seroconversion. However, the number of animals failing to seroconvert following subcutaneous vaccination may leave a large number of rabbits unprotected following vaccine administration. Successful vaccination requires the strict implication of workable, planned, on farm programs. Following this, analysis to confirm seroconversion rates may be advisable. Factors such as the wild rabbit reservoir, control of biting insects and good hygienic practices must be taken into consideration to prevent vaccine failures from occurring.

HIV/antiretroviral therapy-related lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS) is associated with higher RBP4 and lower omentin in plasma.

Very little information is available on the involvement of newly characterized adipokines in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/antiretroviral therapy (ART)-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS). Our aim was to determine whether apelin, apelin receptor, omentin, RBP4, vaspin and visfatin genetic variants and plasma levels are associated with HALS. We performed a cross-sectional multicentre study that involved 558 HIV type 1-infected patients treated with a stable highly active ART regimen, 240 of which had overt HALS and 318 who did not have HALS. Epidemiologic and clinical variables were determined. Polymorphisms in the apelin, omentin, RBP4, vaspin and visfatin genes were assessed by genotyping. Plasma apelin, apelin receptor, omentin, RBP4, vaspin and visfatin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 163 patients (81 with HALS and 82 without HALS) from whom stored plasma samples were available. Student's t test, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, Pearson and Spearman correlations and linear regression analysis were used for statistical analyses. There were no associations between the different polymorphisms assessed and the HALS phenotype. Circulating RBP4 was significantly higher (p < 0.001) and plasma omentin was significantly lower (p 0.001) in patients with HALS compared to those without HALS; differences in plasma levels of the remaining adipokines were nonsignificant between groups. Circulating RBP4 concentration was predicted independently by the presence of HALS. Apelin and apelin receptor levels were independently predicted by body mass index. Visfatin concentration was predicted independently by the presence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HALS is associated with higher RBP4 and lower omentin in plasma. These two adipokines, particularly RBP4, may be a link between HIV/ART and fat redistribution syndromes.

Paracoccidioidomicosis con localización restringida al sistema nervioso / Paracoccidioidomicosis with localization restricted to the nervous system

Se presenta un caso de paracoccidioidomicosis de localización cerebral pura cuyo cuadro de presentación corresponde a un síndrome de bipertensión endocraneana de instalación progresiva asociado a signos deficitarios motores. El estudio tomográfico cerebral fue compatible con un proceso tumoral maligno con afectación secundaria de los plexos coroideos. La biopsia cerebral efectuada descartó la etiología neoplásica del cuadro, informándose como proceso granulomatoso de origem micótico. La serología de LCR confirmó el diagnóstico de paracoccidioidomicosis. Descartadas otras localizaciones extraneurológicas, se comenzó tratamiento con ketokonazol, observándo-se en el seguimiento clínico-tomográfico buena respuesta al tratamiento instituido. El presente caso es el tercero de la bibliografía con afectación restringida al sistema nervioso. Se citan otras formas clínicas de la enfermedad con compromiso neurológico

Paracoccidioidomicosis con localización restringida al sistema nervioso / Paracoccidioidomicosis with localization restricted to the nervous system

Se presenta un caso de paracoccidioidomicosis de localización cerebral pura cuyo cuadro de presentación corresponde a un síndrome de bipertensión endocraneana de instalación progresiva asociado a signos deficitarios motores. El estudio tomográfico cerebral fue compatible con un proceso tumoral maligno con afectación secundaria de los plexos coroideos. La biopsia cerebral efectuada descartó la etiología neoplásica del cuadro, informándose como proceso granulomatoso de origem micótico. La serología de LCR confirmó el diagnóstico de paracoccidioidomicosis. Descartadas otras localizaciones extraneurológicas, se comenzó tratamiento con ketokonazol, observándo-se en el seguimiento clínico-tomográfico buena respuesta al tratamiento instituido. El presente caso es el tercero de la bibliografía con afectación restringida al sistema nervioso. Se citan otras formas clínicas de la enfermedad con compromiso neurológico (AU)