ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Totally implantable venous access ports are widely used for the administration of chemotherapy in patients with cancer. Although there are several approaches to implantation, here we describe Port-A-Cath(®) (PAC) placement by percutaneous puncture of the subclavian vein with ultrasonographic guidance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data on our vascular access service were collected prospectively from June 2004. This service included port-a-caths and Hickman lines. Once 1000 consecutive port-a-caths(®) had been reached the study was closed and data analysed for the port-a-caths(®) alone. The left subclavian vein was the preferred site for venous access, with the right subclavian and jugular veins being the alternative choices if the initial approach failed. Patients were followed up in the short-term, and all the procedures were carried out by a single surgeon at each one of two institutions. RESULTS: Venous access by PAC was established in 100 % of the 1,000 cases. Of the 952 patients where the left subclavian vein was chosen for the first attempt of puncture, the success rate of PAC placement was 95 % (n = 904). Pneumothorax occurred in 12 patients (1.2 %), and a wound haematoma occurred in 4 (0.4 %) out of the total 1,000 patients. No infections were recorded during the immediate post-operative period but only in the long-term post-operative use with 8 patients requiring removal of the PAC due to infection following administration of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: This is a very large series of PAC placement with an ultrasound-guided approach for left subclavian vein and X-ray confirmation, performed by a single surgeon, demonstrating both the safety and effectiveness of the procedure.
Subject(s)
Catheterization, Central Venous/methods , Catheters, Indwelling , Hematoma/etiology , Subclavian Vein , Vascular Access Devices , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Catheterization, Central Venous/instrumentation , Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Jugular Veins , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumothorax/etiology , Punctures , Radiography , Subclavian Vein/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Interventional , Young AdultABSTRACT
Our center has performed 205 orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) in 201 patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was discovered in 32 (15%) patients, 5 of whom were diagnosed incidentally in recipient explants. The main underlying diagnosis was viral hepatitis (n = 28; 87.5%). Most patients (17; 53.1%) were diagnosed as having Child class B cirrhosis. Single tumors measuring <3 cm were diagnosed in 29 (90.6%) patients. Downstaging chemoembolization was performed in 7 (21.8%) patients. Preoperative aFP levels were normal in 20 (62.5%) patients. In the rest (n = 12; 37.5%), aFP levels normalized immediately after the OLT. In the latter group, 2 patients had a delayed (2 years) postoperative increase in aFP levels; both patients had tumor recurrence in the graft. All patients with hepatitis B received antiviral treatment with HBIG and lamivudine. There were 9 deaths (28.1%) in the immediate postoperative period (<30 days). One-year survival rate was 62.5% (n = 20). Actuarial 5-year survival rate was 55%, and actuarial 10-year survival rate was 40%. In conclusion, OLT has become the standard treatment for patients diagnosed with HCC in a population that shows cirrhosis most of the time to be secondary to viral hepatitis, provided that recipients are selected according to the size of the neoplasm and that they receive adequate antiviral prophylaxis.