[Associated vaccination of pigs against swine fever, erysipelas and Aujeszky's disease]. / Asotsiirano vaksinirane na praseta sreshtu chuma, cervenka i bolestta na Aueski.

Tested was the simultaneous vaccination of pigs against swine fever, swine erysipelas, and Aujeszky's disease. Parallel to this experiment a second group of test pigs were treated with each of the three vaccines at twenty-day intervals. The effect of vaccination was assessed through clinical observations with the test groups and by challenging part of the animals with virulent strains of the swine fever and erysipelas agents. It was found that the successive application of the three vaccines at 20-day intervals (at the age of 50, 70, and 90 days) could induce immunity that lasted for a longer period than the immunity resulting from the simultaneous treatment at the age of 90 days. In order to protect the pigs for sure up to the end of the fattening period a revaccination against swine fever with the simultaneous use of the vaccine against swine erysipelas in both cases was necessary.

[Multiplication of Aujeszky's disease virus MK-25 on chick fibroblast cell cultures]. / Namnozhavane na virusa na bolestta na Aueski MK-25 vurkhu kletuchni kulturi ot pileshki fibroblasti.

Attempts were made to produce multilayer cell cultures of chick fibroblasts in a RC-42 roller as well as to replicate in these the Aujezsky's disease virus. Used were fibroblasts of 10-11-day-old chick embryos. The cells were obtained in a closed system after the classic method with an electromagnetic stirrer and a 0.3 percent trypsin in phosphate buffer, having no Ca and Mg ions. Hank's solution was used as a nutrient growth medium, containing 0.5 per cent lactoalbumin hydrolysate and calf serum at pH 7.4-7.6. Both the cell growth and the cytopathic effect of the virus in the stationary and the roller cultures were carried out simultaneously through microscopy, and the evaluation was made after a fourgrade system. It was found that proper cell cultures or chick fibroblasts could be obtained under the following optimal parameters: volume of nutrient medium--200 cm.3; amount of normal inactivated calf sera--10 per cent; and speed of rotation--10 r. p. m. The titer of the virus was found to surpass by 2 logarithms the virus in the stationary cell cultures for a twice shorter period of cultivation.

[Pharmacological and clinico-pharmacological studies of a combination preparation for calves having antianemia and general tonic action]. / Kombiniran preparat za teleta s protivoanemichno i obshtoukrepvashto deistvie--farmakologichni i kliniko-farmakologichni izsledvaniia.

A combined preparation, biofer, was studied, defining its clinical and pharmacological capacity. Featuring in its composition are: normal bovine gammaglobulin, 8.0 g; ferridextran (dextrofer-100), 32 cm2 (= 3.2 g Fe); cuprum sulfuricum, 0.32 g (= 0.08 Cu); Co chloride, 0.18 g (= 0.08 Co); cyancobalamin, 0.0032 g; and protein hydrolysate up to 100 cm3, at pH = 7.0-7.2. The local and total tolerance of animals for biofer was studied along with the acute toxicity, absorption, and retention in the body of test animals and calves as well as the antianemic action in albino mice and calves. It was found that at 4 degrees C to 8 degrees C the shelf life of biofer was 2 years. Its LD50 at subcutaneous injection to albino rats was 11.7 cm3/kg body mass. At the rate of 0.6 cm3/kg (i/m) rabbits did not manifest local and total intolerance; at 1.8 cm3/kg there was no local inflammation, however, a transient drop of appetite was seen; at 3 cm3/kg rabbits manifested intoxication with exitus. At i/m introduction to rabbits and calves biofer was more slowly absorbed than dextrofer-100. The liver and spleen of animals injected with biofer showed higher values for copper. In i/m application to anemic albino rats biofer showed a better antianemic effect than dextrofer-100. In calves it activated to a better extent both erythropoiesis and leukopoiesis.

[Effect of colostral antibodies on the development of immunity in piglets immunized with live vaccine]. / Vliianie a kolastrenite protivotela vurkhu na imuniteta pri praseta, vaksinirani s zhiva vaksina.

Pigs of sows treated with a live vaccine were in turn vaccinated with a live vaccine at different age. Part of them were challenged with a virus at 60 days of age, the remaining -- at 90 days. The pigs were kept under clinical observation, and were killed on the 10th day following challenge in order to be thoroughly investigated. It was found that the passive immunity (virus-neutralizing antibodies) in pigs of twice (live vaccine) treated sows persisted for 4 to 5 weeks after birth. It dropped steplike, however, the interference of the vaccinal virus speeded up the process -- the earlier the vaccination the faster the exhaustion of immunity. The passive immunity was found to neutralize the vaccinal virus and hamper the building of active immunity. The presence of eosinophile leukocytes in the lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen of the vaccinated pigs spoke of an immune reaction.

[Potentials for the combined use of gentamycin with gamma globulin and vitamins]. / Vuzmozhnosti za kombinirano prilagane na gentamitsin s gama-globulin i vitamini.

Rabbits and pigs were used to study the resorption and retention of gentamycin dissolved in swine gamma globulin, swine polyglobulin, in water (gentamycin ampoules) and as a combined preparation with gamma-globulin and vitamins (gentaglobin). It was found that the protein solutions of gentamycin as compared to the water solutions at i/m application to rabbits and pigs give higher and persistent concentrations in the blood serum. At muscular application to pigs at the rate of 0.002/kg gentaglobin was retained in bacteriostatic concentrations in the blood serum for 12 hours. In pigs the gentamycin preparation, no matter what solvent was used, was eliminated comparatively very quickly through the bile and urine. It is stated that the quarantine for gentaglobin-treated pigs intended for slaughter should be 72 hours, the kidneys of such animals being excluded from human consumption. Gentamycin in the gentaglobin preparation has been found to retain its activity in the course of one year at +4 degrees C.

[Immunobiological activity of various blood serum fractions from cattle and swine. The dynamics of Ig in specific serum against colibacillosis in pigs]. / Imunobiologichna aktivnost na razlichni fraktsii na kruvni serumi ot svine i goveda. Dinamika na Ig v spetsifichen serum protiv kolibakterioza po prasetata.

The level of the IgM and IgG agglutinating antibody specific hyperimmune serum against coli-bacteriosis and its fractions were studied. The serum was obtained at various stages of the preparation, hyperimmunization and exploitation of serum producing swine by using the 2-mercapto-ethanol test. It was established that serum of the total globulin, alpha-beta-globulin and gamma-globulin fractions contains IgM and IgG agglutinating antibodies against E. coli. These immunoglobulin classes are synthetized at all stages of serum producing swine preparation, hyperimmunization and exploitation. The quantitative IgM:IgG ratios at the individual stages vary. At the initial stages and until the 10th cycle of exsanguination (phlebotomy) IgM antibodies predominate. After that, at the following stages IgG antibodies begin gradually to predominate. Up to the 20th cycle of exsanguination both globulins are synthetized, but the 2-mercapto-ethanol non-sensitive IgG antibodies are in greater quantity.

[Obtaining the beta-globulin fractions from swine and cattle sera and a study of their immunological activity]. / Poluchavane na beta-globulinovi fraktsii ot serumi na svine i goveda i izsledvane na imunologichnata im aktivnost

The rivanol precipitation was used to obtain beta-globulin fractions from specific swine sera against edema disease, paratyph and Aujeszky's disease as well as from normal ovine and swine sera. Agar electrophoresis revealed that the preparations produced contained beta-globulin (86 per cent), gamma-globulin (5 per cent), and alpha2-globulin (9 per cent). The beta-globulin preparations were studied for the presence of antibodies against E. coli, Salmonellae, staphylococci, myxovirus parainfluenza-3, adenoviruses, and the virus of Aujeszky's disease. The beta-globulin fraction of the specific serum against edema disease was shown to contain OK and O agglutinizing antibodies against E. coli, having a titer of up to 1:3200, and the gamma-globulin titers of up to 1:12800. The beta-globulin fraction of the specific serum against typhoid contained OH and O agglutinizing antibodies against Salmonella cholerae suis with a titer of up to 1:2560. The agglutinizing antibodies against staphylococci were twice as much in the beta-globulin fraction as compared with those in the gamma-globulin fraction. The antibodies against Aujeszky's disease and the adenoviruses in the beta-globulin fractions were in negligible amounts, and the titer of the antibodies against myxovirus parainfluenza-3 ranged from 1:128 to 1:512.

[Production and testing of a live lyophilized bivalent vaccine against Aujeszky's disease and erysipelas in swine]. / Poluchavane i izpitvane na zhiva liofilizirana bivaksina protiv bolestta na Aueski i chervenka po svinete

A live freeze-dried bivaccine against swine erysipelas and Aujeszky's disease in pigs was produced, its antigen titers reaching 10(8) and 10(4.67) for the two components, respectively. The immunity conferred to the vaccinated pigs (so far as Aujeszky's disease is concerned) had an antibody titer of 1:4, and in sheep the titer was up to 1:16, these animals showing resistance at a control infection with 5000 LD50 per head. The vaccinated pigs likewise withstood a control infection with a mixed 24-48-hour broth culture of virulent strains causing swine erysipelas.

[Level of viral antibodies in normal and specific swine and bovine gamma globulin preparations]. / S'd'rzhanie na virusni antitela v "normalnite" i spetsifichnite svinski i govezhdi gamma-globulinovi preparati

Studied were 15 series of normal bovine gamma-globulin, 5 series of normal swine gamma-globulin, 7 series of Aujeszky gamma-globulin, 6 series of specific gamma-globulin against edema disease of pigs, 4 series of specific gamma-globulin against paratyphus, 5 series of Mixoglobulin-70, and one series of swine poly-globulin. All series of gamma-globulin preparations were studied for the presence of antibodies against Mixovirus parainfluenza-3 through the hemagglutinationinhibition reaction, antibodies against adenoviruses through the precipitation reaction in agar gel, and antibodies against the virus of Aujeszky's disease through the virus-neutralization reaction in tissue cultures.

[Experimental study of a combination preparation of a ferrodextran complex, gamma-globulin, trace elements and vitamins]. / Eksperimentalno prouchvane v'rkhu poluchavane na kombiniran preparat ot zheliazo-dekstranov kompleks, gamma-globulin, mikroelementi i vitamini

A combined preparation was produced, containing the Bulgarian ferrodextran complex, edema-disease gamma-globulin, microelements (Co, Mn, Cu), and vitamins (B1, B6, PP), pro uso veterinario. It was found that the product (B-50), kept under ordinary conditions in the course of one year, does not change its physicochemical properties and is not distinguished substantially by toxicity (Fe3+/kg liveweight) from the initial ferrodextran complex, but is resorbed more slowly following its muscular application to rabbits. B50 combines the properties of the fast-resorbing ferrodextran preparations giving slight local coloration with those of preparations having antianemic, growth-stimulating, and resistance enhancing effects.