ABSTRACT
A cross-sectional study was undertaken on the correlates of infection for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis viruses B and C (HBV and HCV) in a sample of inmates from eight Italian prisons. A total of 973 inmates were enrolled [87.0% males, median age of 36 years, 30.4% intravenous drug users (IDUs), 0.6% men who have sex with men (MSWM)]. In this sample, high seroprevalence rates were found (HIV: 7.5%; HCV: 38.0%; anti-HBc: 52.7%; HBsAg: 6.7%). HIV and HCV seropositivity were associated strongly with intravenous drug use (OR: 5.9 for HIV; 10.5 for HCV); after excluding IDUs and male homosexuals, the HIV prevalence remained nonetheless relatively high (2.6%). HIV prevalence was higher for persons from Northern Italy and Sardinia. The age effect was U-shaped for HIV and HCV infections; HBV prevalence increased with age. Tattoos were associated with HCV positivity (OR: 2.9). The number of imprisonments was associated with HIV infection, whereas the duration of imprisonment was only associated with anti-HBc. The probability of being HIV-seropositive was higher for HCV-seropositive individuals, especially if IDUs. In conclusion, a high prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV infections among inmates was observed: these high rates are in part attributable to the high proportion of IDUs. Frequency of imprisonment and tattoos were associated, respectively, with HIV and HCV positivity. Although it is possible that the study population is not representative of Italy's prison inmate population, the results stress the need to improve infection control measures users was prisons.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Prisoners , Adult , Age Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , HIV Antibodies/blood , HIV Infections/complications , Hepatitis B/complications , Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood , Hepatitis C/complications , Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood , Homosexuality, Male , Humans , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications , Tattooing , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The authors describe an unusual case of bacterial endocarditis. A very rare etiologic agent, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, was isolated. The patient was not fisherman or butcher and he did ot other risky job. Moreover the disease had an atypical course.
Subject(s)
Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Erysipelothrix Infections/diagnosis , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Erysipelothrix/isolation & purification , Erysipelothrix Infections/drug therapy , Erysipelothrix Infections/microbiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Penicillin G/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Using the antibody to HCV and HBc (anti-HCV, anti-HBc), we studied the prevalence of Hepatitis C and B virus in three groups: intravenous drug abusers, subjects lodging in huts and elderly clergymen. Statistical analysis was carried out by chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Our results show statistical significance for anti-HCV seroprevalence among the three groups, while anti-HBc doesn't differ. These preliminary data seem to show that the two viruses have different ways of transmission.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Clergy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Hepatitis Antibodies/analysis , Hepatitis B/blood , Hepatitis C/blood , Humans , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Beta 2-microglobulin level has been evaluated in 183 male intravenous drug users and 50 apparently healthy blood donors. The aim of the study was to assess the possible association between high values of the peptide and both HIV infection and disease progression in intravenous drug users. Beta 2-microglobulin values were found significantly higher in AIDS patients and other symptomatic subjects than in asymptomatic, both seropositive and seronegative, intravenous drug users. Among asymptomatic drug users, no significant difference in the values was found.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications , beta 2-Microglobulin/analysis , Biomarkers , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV Infections/blood , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Seroprevalence , Humans , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/blood , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Serum beta 2-microglobulin levels (beta-2-M) were studied in 150 drug addicts, 50 of them asymptomatic carriers of anti HIV-1 antibodies, 50 symptomatic carriers with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (P.G.L.) and 50 serum negative patients who had been living in a closed community for at least 2 years. The results showed increased beta-2-M in 24 P.G.L. patients (48%), in 6 of the asymptomatic serum positive cases (12%) and in 3 of the serum negative subjects (6%). No such increase was found in the selected control group. Statistical analysis using the chi-square test and one-way variance analysis gave a significant result. The data suggest that increased serum beta-2-M is essentially linked to the presence of P.G.L.
Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Complex/blood , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/blood , beta 2-Microglobulin/analysis , AIDS-Related Complex/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Carrier State/blood , Carrier State/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , HIV Seropositivity/blood , HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
In order to investigate the clinical oral manifestations associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related conditions, 922 male subjects were studied in a closed community (inmates). 669 were drug-abusers, 24 homosexual or bisexual men, 86 drug-abusers and homosexual or bisexual men, 143 without risk behaviour. Only 120 patients had antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type I. All were throughly examined for evidence of oral disorders. The major finding was that almost all with AIDS and AIDS-related complex had oral manifestations one AIDS-patient was affected with hairy leukoplakia.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Mouth Diseases/etiology , AIDS-Related Complex/complications , Adolescent , Adult , HIV Seropositivity/complications , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
An unusual case of obstructive jaundice due to metastatic pancreatic plasmacytoma is described. Initially post-transfusion hepatitis was suspected in the patient who suffered from multiple myeloma (IgA) and had received numerous transfusions for severe anemia. Clinical and laboratory findings indicated obstructive jaundice and the ecographic examination showed a dishomogeneous mass at the level of the pancreas. The investigators suggest that after this type of ecographic finding a percutaneous biopsy should be performed eliminating exploratory laparotomy, a high risk procedure in this type of patient, and eventually radiotherapy should be initiated since this type of tumor is radiosensitive.