ABSTRACT
Various restorative and prosthetic materials, dental implants, medicines and cosmetic materials, such as toothpaste and denture cleaning products, are used in oral care. In principle, these materials can cause contact allergies, which can manifest as lichenoid reaction, cheilitis and angioedema. It is usually a local reaction of the oral mucosa and surrounding tissues, but a systemic reaction can also occur elsewhere in the body. If a patient develops complaints from dental materials that could be due to an allergy, it makes sense to investigate this allergologically, although these do not yet show full specificity or sensitivity. After a positive allergological examination, it is possible to examine more specifically whether the patient's complaints match the test result and it can be decided whether it is sensible to replace the dental material and, if so, which material could be an alternative. After removal of the causative allergens, the complaints should disappear completely.
Subject(s)
Hypersensitivity , Humans , Patch Tests/adverse effects , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Hypersensitivity/etiology , Mouth Mucosa , Toothpastes/adverse effects , Dental Materials/adverse effectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Identifying patients with sentinel node-negative melanoma at high risk of recurrence or death is important. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) recently developed a prognostic model including Breslow thickness, ulceration and site of the primary tumour. The aims of the present study were to validate this prognostic model externally and to assess whether it could be improved by adding other prognostic factors. METHODS: Patients with sentinel node-negative cutaneous melanoma were included in this retrospective single-institution study. The ß values of the EORTC prognostic model were used to predict recurrence-free survival and melanoma-specific survival. The predictive performance was assessed by discrimination (c-index) and calibration. Seeking to improve the performance of the model, additional variables were added to a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Some 4235 patients with sentinel node-negative cutaneous melanoma were included. The median follow-up time was 50 (i.q.r. 18·5-81·5) months. Recurrences and deaths from melanoma numbered 793 (18·7 per cent) and 456 (10·8 per cent) respectively. Validation of the EORTC model showed good calibration for both outcomes, and a c-index of 0·69. The c-index was only marginally improved to 0·71 when other significant prognostic factors (sex, age, tumour type, mitotic rate) were added. CONCLUSION: This study validated the EORTC prognostic model for recurrence-free and melanoma-specific survival of patients with negative sentinel nodes. The addition of other prognostic factors only improved the model marginally. The validated EORTC model could be used for personalizing follow-up and selecting high-risk patients for trials of adjuvant systemic therapy.
ANTECEDENTES: Es importante identificar a los pacientes con melanoma y ganglio centinela negativo con alto riesgo de recidiva o muerte. Con este fin, la European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) ha desarrollado recientemente un modelo pronóstico que incluye el índice de Breslow, la presencia de úlcera y la localización del tumor primario. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron efectuar la validación externa de este modelo pronóstico y evaluar si pudiera mejorarse agregando otros factores pronósticos. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de una sola institución, en el que se incluyeron 4.235 pacientes con melanoma cutáneo y ganglio centinela negativo. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 50 meses (rango intercuartílico 18,5-81,5). Para predecir la supervivencia sin recidiva y la supervivencia específica para el melanoma se utilizaron los valores beta del modelo de pronóstico de la EORTC. La capacidad predictiva se evaluó mediante los índices de discriminación (índice c) y de calibración. Para mejorar el rendimiento de este modelo, se agregaron más variables utilizando un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. RESULTADOS: Las recidivas y muertes por melanoma fueron 793 (19%) y 456 (11%), respectivamente. La validación del modelo EORTC mostró una buena calibración para ambos resultados y un índice c de 0,69. El índice c sólo mejoró marginalmente a 0,71 cuando se agregaron otros factores pronósticos significativos (género, edad, tipo de tumor, índice mitótico). CONCLUSIÓN: La validación externa del modelo de pronóstico EORTC para la supervivencia sin recidiva y específica en pacientes con melanoma y ganglio centinela negativo fue satisfactoria. La adición de otros factores pronósticos solo mejoró marginalmente el modelo. El modelo validado de la EORTC podría utilizarse para personalizar las estrategias de seguimiento y seleccionar a pacientes de alto riesgo para ensayos con terapia sistémica adyuvante.
Subject(s)
Melanoma/mortality , Skin Neoplasms/mortality , Adult , Aged , Arm , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/mortality , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Leg , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Melanoma/pathology , Middle Aged , Models, Theoretical , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Prospective Studies , Sentinel Lymph Node , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/mortality , Skin Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
A 44-year-old woman was referred with a brown-red papule on the back. Histopathologic examination showed a melanocytic BAP1-associated intradermal tumour. A germline mutation in the BAP1 gene confirmed a diagnosis of BAP1 tumour predisposition syndrome. This syndrome is associated with various tumour types. Early diagnosis is essential for counselling and screening.
Subject(s)
Germ-Line Mutation , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Proteins , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase , Adult , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , HumansABSTRACT
For cT1/2N0 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), treatment of the neck is a matter of debate. Two treatment strategies were evaluated in this study: selective neck dissection (SND) and watchful waiting (WW). One hundred and twenty-three SND patients and 70 WW patients with cT1/T2N0M0 OSCC of the tongue, floor of mouth, or buccal mucosa were analysed retrospectively. Extracapsular spread (ECS), 3-year overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) were determined. Twenty-nine percent of SND patients and 13% of WW patients had occult nodal disease. WW-N+ patients showed thicker tumours as compared to WW-N0 patients (5mm vs. 2mm, P=0.02). WW-N+ patients showed significantly more ECS as compared to SND-N+ patients (56% vs. 14%, P=0.016) and had a significantly worse 3-year DSS than SND-N+ patients (56% vs. 82%, P=0.02). For T1 OSCCs, a watchful waiting policy is acceptable if tumour thickness proves to be <4mm. Otherwise, an additional treatment of the neck is advised, since WW-N+ patients show more ECS, with a worse DSS than SND-N+ patients.
