Torus fractures - diagnosis and management.

Torus fractures are a common paediatric injury involving the distal radius. Patients typically present following a fall onto the outstretched hand, with wrist pain as their primary complaint. The principal investigation of choice is a plain radiograph of the wrist joint. These fractures should be managed with a soft-bandage and immediate discharge approach and do not require specialist follow-up. Clinicians have historically had differing views regarding optimal management of torus fractures. It is therefore important for hospital clinicians to uniformly understand the most up-to-date management of this condition. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, anatomy, diagnosis and management, with an aim to improve outcomes.

Superior dislocation of patella in a rugby player: an update on a extremely rare condition and review of literature.

Superior dislocation of patella without patellar ligament injury is a rare clinical condition: hence often brings diagnostic dilemma for Emergency physician. Only few cases have been reported in the literature and all of them had coexistant patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis. We present such dislocation in a 34-years old rugby player after a fall without any preexisting arthrosis in the knee. This case report aims to highlight a rare condition and subtle radiological findings while assessing acute knee pain. Differences of this dislocation with vertical type of intraarticular dislocation have been discussed.

Pericruciate intra-articular lateral meniscal cyst without meniscal tear.

A case of intra-articular pericruciate type of meniscal cyst from anterior horn of lateral meniscus without associated meniscal tear is reported with review of literature. To our knowledge such association has not been reported earlier.

Ulnar dislocation of fifth carpometacarpal joint.

Carpometacarpal dislocations may be dorsal, volar or divergent type but most are dorsal with involvement of 4th and 5th metacarpal. We are reporting first case of ulnar type of unilateral dislocation of 5th carpometacarpal joint.

Indian salutation test in acute dorsal carpometacarpal joint dislocation of the ulnar four fingers.

Complete dislocation of the ulnar 4 carpometacarpal joints of the hand (excluding the thumb) is an uncommon injury. Anatomic reduction of the carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) is essential to maintain function of the hand, and this can often be accomplished by prompt closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner-wire fixation. The diagnosis is sometimes delayed or missed in the emergency department (ED), and a true lateral radiograph is mandatory in suspected cases. We present a case of dorsal unilateral dislocation of the ulnar 4 CMCJs without associated fracture. The injury was difficult to diagnose because of gross swelling of the hand. We describe a simple clinical test (Indian salutation test) that we found to be very helpful in raising the index of suspicion and hence increasing the likelihood of avoiding any clinical and medicolegal difficulties in such cases. A true lateral radiograph of the wrist confirmed the diagnosis, and prompt closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner-wire fixation resulted in a good outcome in the case described here.