ABSTRACT
Membrane interfaces are vital for various cellular processes, and their involvement in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease has taken precedence in recent years. The amyloidogenic proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases interact with the neuronal membrane through various means, which has implications for both the onset and progression of the disease. The parameters that regulate the interaction between the membrane and the amyloids remain poorly understood. The review focuses on the various aspects of membrane interactions of amyloids, particularly amyloid-ß (Aß) peptides and Tau involved in Alzheimer's and α-synuclein involved in Parkinson's disease. The genetic, cell biological, biochemical, and biophysical studies that form the basis for our current understanding of the membrane interactions of Aß peptides, Tau, and α-synuclein are discussed.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Parkinson Disease , Humans , alpha-Synuclein/metabolism , Alzheimer Disease/genetics , Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Parkinson Disease/genetics , Parkinson Disease/metabolism , Amyloid/metabolism , Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolismSubject(s)
Sarcoma, Ewing/radiotherapy , Skull Base Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Adolescent , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology , Skull Base Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skull Base Neoplasms/pathology , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/diagnosis , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology , Temporal Bone/pathologyABSTRACT
We have reported a case of abscess of the iliopsoas muscle, in which a limp and hip pain pointed toward pathology of the hip. The diagnosis in such cases may be difficult unless there is close attention to the clinical history and a good physical examination is obtained. One ultrasonographic examination of the hip in such a patient, subtle differences between the iliopsoas muscles should alert the radiologist to examine the psoas muscle. Ultrasonography is instrumental in demonstrating the solid or cystic nature of the iliopsoas mass, while MRI depicts the extent and proximity of adjacent organs. Once an iliopsoas abscess is diagnosed, treatment includes parenteral antibiotics and drainage.
Subject(s)
Abscess/diagnosis , Muscular Diseases/diagnosis , Abscess/surgery , Drainage , Humans , Infant , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Muscular Diseases/surgery , Recurrence , Retroperitoneal Space , UltrasonographySubject(s)
Ankle Joint/pathology , Tendons/pathology , Tenosynovitis/diagnosis , Ultrasonography , Adolescent , Humans , Male , TibiaABSTRACT
Hydrostatic reduction of intussusception by barium or air enema has been widely accepted. The five-year experience with this procedure at two children's hospitals is reviewed and the results compared to previous studies. Various clinical and radiographic factors are evaluated in relation to the reduction rate. The findings show that the more distal the intussusception is encountered, the lower the rate of reduction. However, 25% are reduced within the rectum with no evidence of increased complications. Small bowel obstruction and prolonged duration of signs and symptoms decreased the rate of reduction statistically but there is no significant increase in complication rate in those attempted, contrary to a previous report. The cresent sign (dissection sign) and age of the patient are not significant factors in reduction as reported by other studies.
