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1.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 38(5): 270-7, 2010.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21117001

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) is a five-item scale that has been reported to be a reliable and valid screening instrument for dependence in several types of substances. Optimal cutoff points on the SDS indicative of clinically significant dependence have been determined for a large range of substance types, however, to date no data have been reported on its performance in a population with opiate dependence. SAMPLE: A structured interview was administered to 315 opiate-dependent patients in treatment. METHOD: The diagnostic performance of the SDS was measured via Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis according to the DSM-IV diagnosis of heroin dependence, as measured by section 12 of the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). RESULTS: ROC analysis revealed the SDS to be a test of high diagnostic utility for the measurement of opiate dependence (Area Under Curve =0.8875). The cut-off point on the SDS at which there is optimal discrimination between the presence and absence of a diagnosis of heroin dependence was found to be 5 (i.e. a score of 5 or more). This score provides the best trade-off between sensitivity (83.15%) and specificity (84.51%). Similar results were found for heroin current consumption (AUC = 0.8325; cut-off = 5; sensitivity = 77.94 and specificity = 77.33). CONCLUSION: The SDS can be recommended as an effective short instrument for the discrimination of the degree of dependency and heroin consumption in the clinical area.


Subject(s)
Opioid-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , ROC Curve , Severity of Illness Index , Young Adult
2.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 38(5): 270-277, sept.-oct. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-88707

ABSTRACT

Contexto. La escala de severidad de la dependencia (SDS)es una escala de cinco ítems que ha mostrado su fiabilidad y validez como instrumento de cribado de la dependencia en varios tipos de sustancias. El punto de corte óptimo de la SDS indicativo de la significación clínica de la dependencia ha sido determinado para un rango amplio de drogas, pero a día de hoy no se ha informado del valor del mismo para el caso de la dependencia a opiáceos. Muestra. Se ha administrado una entrevista estructurada a 315 personas con dependencia a opiáceos en tratamiento. Método. La capacidad diagnóstica de la SDS ha sido evaluada a través de análisis de la curva característica operativa del receptor (ROC) tomando como estándar el diagnóstico de dependencia según criterios DSM-IV a través dela sección 12 del SCAN. Resultados. El análisis ROC presenta la SDS como una prueba de alta utilidad diagnóstica para la valoración de la dependencia de opiáceos (Área Bajo la Curva = 0,8875). El punto de corte óptimo de la SDS para la discriminación entre la presencia y ausencia de diagnóstico de dependencia de opiáceos ha sido de 5 (una puntuación mayor o igual a 5), el cual presenta el mejor balance comparativo entre la sensibilidad (83,15%) y la especificidad (84,51%). Similares resultados se han encontrado para el consumo actual de heroína (ABC = 0,8325; Punto de corte = 5; Sensibilidad =77,94% y Especificidad = 77,33%).Conclusión. La escala SDS puede ser recomendada como un instrumento breve efectivo para la discriminación del grado de dependencia y consumo de heroína en el ámbito clínico (AU)


Background. The Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) is a five-item scale that has been reported to be a reliable and valid screening instrument for dependence in several types of substances. Optimal cutoff points on the SDS indicative of clinically significant dependence have been determined for a large range of substance types, however, to date no data have been reported on its performance in a population with opiate dependence. Sample. A structured interview was administered to315 opiate-dependent patients in treatment. Method. The diagnostic performance of the SDS was measured via Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis according to the DSM-IV diagnosis of heroin dependence, as measured by section 12 of the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN).Results. ROC analysis revealed the SDS to be a test of high diagnostic utility for the measurement of opiate dependence (Area Under Curve =0.8875). The cut-off point on the SDS at which there is optimal discrimination between the presence and absence of a diagnosis of heroin dependence was found to be 5 (i.e. a score of 5or more). This score provides the best trade-off between sensitivity (83.15%) and specificity (84.51%). Similar results were found for heroin current consumption (AUC = 0.8325; cut-off = 5; sensitivity = 77.94 and specificity = 77.33).Conclusion. The SDS can be recommended as an effective short instrument for the discrimination of the degree of dependency and heroin consumption in the clinical area (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Opioid-Related Disorders/complications , Opioid-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Opioid-Related Disorders/pathology , Mass Screening/methods , Mass Screening/prevention & control , Heroin/adverse effects , Heroin/toxicity , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 28599
3.
Trastor. adict. (Ed. impr.) ; 10(4): 252-274, oct. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-71913

ABSTRACT

Se ha propuesto que el tratamiento de los trastornos adictivos requiere un abordaje multidisciplinar, donde las intervenciones psicoterapéuticas desempeñan un importante papel. Una aproximación que ha adquirido gran expansión en el tratamiento de los trastornos adictivos ha sido la terapia cognitivo conductual (TCC). Este artículo repasa las teorías y terapias conductuales y cognitivas que han servido de fundamento y contribuyen significativamente al enfoque cognitivo conductual en el tratamiento de las conductas adictivas. Además, como líneas conductoras del proceso psicoterapéutico de la deshabituación a la cocaína, se presentan los modelos transteórico de cambio (Prochaska y DiClemente) y prevención de recaídas (Marlatt). La asunción básica de la TCC es el reconocimiento de que existe una relación recíproca entre los procesos cognitivos de las personas (lo que piensan), su afectividad (lo que sienten) y su conducta (lo que hacen). Los orígenes de la TCC se hallan en la teoría del aprendizaje (tanto en las contribuciones del condicionamiento clásico como operante), en la teoría de aprendizaje social cognitivo (con aportaciones del aprendizaje observacional, la influencia del modelado y el papel de las expectativas cognitivas como determinantes del comportamiento) y en la teoría y terapia cognitiva (que enfatiza la importancia de los pensamientos, los esquemas cognitivos, las creencias, las actitudes y las atribuciones que influyen en los sentimientos y median la relación entre antecedentes y comportamiento)


It has been proposed that the treatmentof the addictive disorders requires a multidisciplinaryboarding, where the psychotherapy interventionsplay an important role. An approach thathas gained widespread application in the treatmentof substance abuse is cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT). This paper examines the behavioral and cognitivetheories and therapies that serve as the foundationsof and have contributed significantly to thecognitive-behavioral approach to substance abusetreatment. Furthermore, the transtheorical modelof change (Prochaska and DiClemente) and relapseprevention model (Marlatt), as conducting lines ofthe psychotherapeutic process for the cocaine dependence,are presented. A basic assumption of CBT is the recognition that there is a reciprocal relationship between persons’ cognitive processes (what they think) and their affect (emotional experience) and behavior(what they act). Its origins are in behavioral theory, (focusing on both classical conditioning and operant learning), cognitive social learning theory, (fromwhich are taken ideas concerning observationallearning, the influence of modeling, and the roleof cognitive expectancies in determining behavior),and cognitive theory and therapy (which focuson the thoughts, cognitive schema, beliefs, attitudes,and attributions that influence one’sfeelings and mediate the relationship between antecedentsand behavior)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Cocaine-Related Disorders/psychology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/therapy , Psychotherapy/methods , Recurrence/prevention & control , Self Efficacy
4.
Psiquis (Madr.) ; 25(4): 176-184, 2004.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-34953

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación existente entre el bienestar emocional de las mujeres y distintos aspectos de su situación laboral, como la existencia o no de un trabajo remunerado, el número de horas trabajadas, el nivel de ingresos o la satisfacción laboral. Para ello se contó con la participación de diversas asociaciones de mujeres y servicios de atención a la mujer de distintos ayuntamientos de Vizcaya, accediendo finalmente a un total de 338 personas. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que los aspectos de la situación laboral considerados no presentan una relación significativa con el nivel de autoestima, pero sí con los síntomas psicológicos, siendo éstos menores entre las mujeres que tienen un trabajo remunerado, mayores ingresos, una jornada laboral más larga, una mayor antigüedad en el puesto de trabajo y una mayor satisfacción laboral (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Social Welfare/psychology , 16360 , Women's Rights , Women, Working/psychology , Job Satisfaction , Spain , Women's Health Services
5.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 74(2): 119-29, 2000.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10918803

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A reduction of intravenous route as a method of consuming drugs and a change towards to the use of less morbid routes has taken place in the last years in national and international contexts. Our objective was to examine change trends in the drugs administration route in the Basque Country Community and to explore factors associated with the injected route (IR) use. METHODS: A time-based series of cross-sectional studies using data provided by the Information System on Drug Abuse (SIT) of the Basque Government was used. A total of 12,382 admissions to treatment produced between the years 1991 to 1996 was analyzed. For the analysis of trends linearity test was play and for the estimation of the association between explanatory variables and outcome variable logistic regression model was carried out. RESULTS: A significative change in the route of drugs administration (chi 2 = 621.3; p < 0.001) is evidence, having decreased the prevalence of IR use from 83% 1991 to 52.3% in 1996. The adjusted regression model (-2LL = 10,766.7) reveals the age of the drugs users as a protective variable (OR = 0.94; IC95% = 0.93 to 0.95). On the contrary, being man (OR = 1.25; IC95% = 1.11 to 1.39), having received previous treatments (OR = 2.63; IC95% = 2.38 to 2.90), being heroine the drug that motivates the demand for treatment (OR = 9.41; IC95% = 7.24 to 12.2), and the greater number of consumption years (OR = 1.14; IC95% = 1.13 to 1.16), are presented as factors associated with a greater utilization of the Injected Route. CONCLUSIONS: Even though it has been observed a reduction of the use of the injected route over the years, a prevalence of the 52.3% in 1996 continues being too high. It is discussed the need of persisting in the application of harm reduction and risks prevention strategies.


Subject(s)
Narcotics/administration & dosage , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Adult , Catchment Area, Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Administration Routes , Female , Humans , Male , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiology , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/rehabilitation
6.
Trastor. adict. (Ed. impr.) ; 2(2): 99-113, mayo 2000. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-23306

ABSTRACT

Contexto: la investigación clínica y la evaluación terapéutica son facetas afines del campo de conocimiento referido a la salud y la forma de atajar la enfermedad. Uno de los objetivos fundamentales de ambas disciplinas es determinar objetivamente, y con base empírica, la pertinencia, efecto e impacto de una actividad terapéutica respecto a un determinado problema de salud. No obstante, la actividad terapéutica cotidiana a menudo encuentra dificultades para evaluar sus actuaciones, en la mayoría de los casos debido a que el contexto de la práctica clínica es muy distinto al de la investigación. Objetivos: en este artículo se revisan algunas de estas dificultades y se hacen una serie de sugerencias para encaminar la investigación de resultados terapéuticos. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Research/methods , Treatment Outcome , Evaluation of Results of Therapeutic Interventions , 28599 , Clinical Protocols , Drug Evaluation/methods , Time Series Studies
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