ABSTRACT
Se realizó una reflexión acerca del devenir histórico del desarrollo de la psiquiatría en Ecuador y sus correspondientes contextos político, económico y social, mediante un análisis documental en fuentes secundarias recopiladas en publicaciones que abordaron información al respecto. Se revisaron 325 documentos, quedando 21 que cumplieron los requisitos esperados. Los datos se seleccionaron a través del análisis del corpus discursivo. El tratamiento de los pacientes con trastornos mentales tuvo particularidades en cada período acorde con los avances en la práctica de la Psicología. La intervención de médicos prominentes que dedicaron su labor investigativa alrededor de la psicoterapia resultó el mayor aporte en este sentido. La atención psiquiátrica institucionalizada estuvo definida por intereses políticos de los gobiernos de turno y una insuficiente disposición de recursos financieros, humanos y materiales. La intervención filantrópica y técnica de varias personalidades históricas marcaron las pautas más importantes en el desarrollo de este fenómeno
A reflection was made on the historical evolution of the development of psychiatry in Ecuador and its corresponding political, economic and social contexts, through a documentary analysis of secondary sources compiled in publications that addressed information in this regard. 325 documents were reviewed, using 21 that fulfilled the expected requirements. The data was selec-ted through the analysis of the discursive corpus. The treatment of patients with mental disorders had particularities in each period in accordance with advances in the practice of Psychology. The intervention of prominent doctors who dedicated their research work around psychotherapy was the greatest contribution in this regard. Institutionalized psychiatric care was defined by the poli-tical interests of the governments in power and an insufficient availability of financial, human, and material resources. The philanthropic and technical intervention of various historical perso-nalities marked the most important guidelines in the development of this phenomenon
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Psychiatry , Mental Health , Delivery of Health Care , Psychotherapy , Health , Mental DisordersABSTRACT
Dinophysis acuta produces diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins and pectenotoxins (PTX). It blooms in thermally-stratified shelf waters in late summer in temperate to cold temperate latitudes. Despite its major contribution to shellfish harvesting bans, little effort has been devoted to study its population dynamics in Chilean Patagonia. In 2017-2018, mesoscale distribution of harmful algal species (75 monitoring stations) revealed the initiation (late spring) and seasonal growth of a dense D. acuta population in the Aysén region, with maximal values at Puyuhuapi Fjord (PF). Vertical phytoplankton distribution and fine-resolution measurements of physical parameters along a 25-km transect in February 16th identified a 15-km (horizontal extension) subsurface thin layer of D. acuta from 4 to 8 m depth. This layer, disrupted at the confluence of PF with the Magdalena Sound, peaked at the top of the pycnocline (6 m, 15.9 °C, 23.4 psu) where static stability was maximal. By February 22nd, it deepened (8 m, 15.5 °C; 23.62 psu) following the excursions of the pycnocline and reached the highest density ever recorded (664 × 103 cells L-1) for this species. Dinophysis acuta was the dominant Dinophysis species in all microplankton net-tows/bottle samples; they all contained DSP toxins (OA, DTX-1) and PTX-2. Modeled flushing rates showed that Puyuhuapi, the only fjord in the area with 2 connections with the open sea, had the highest water residence time. Long term climate variability in the Southern hemisphere showed the effects of a Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in positive mode (+1.1 hPa) overwhelming a moderate La Niña. These effects included positive spring precipitation anomalies with enhanced salinity gradients and summer drought with positive anomalies in air (+1 °C) and sea surface (+2 °C) temperature. Locally, persistent thermal stratification in PF seemed to provide an optimal physical habitat for initiation and bloom development of D. acuta. Thus, in summer 2018, a favourable combination of meteorological and hydrographic processes of multiple scales created conditions that promoted the development of a widespread bloom of D. acuta with its epicentre at the head of Puyuhuapi fjord.
Subject(s)
Dinoflagellida , Shellfish Poisoning , Chile , Estuaries , Harmful Algal Bloom , HumansABSTRACT
The dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella is responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning and negative socioeconomic impacts on the fishing industry and aquaculture. In Chilean Patagonia, the reasons underlying the significant increase in the geographical extension (from south to north) of A. catenella blooms during the last five decades are not well understood. To assess the potential spreading risk of A. catenella during an intense austral summer bloom, we conducted an in situ experiment in a "hotspot" of this dinoflagellate in southern Chile. The objective was to assess the accumulation of A. catenella resting cysts in passive (fishing nets) and active (mussels) dispersal agents during the phase of bloom decline. Large numbers of resting cysts were detected in fishing nets (maximum of 5334 cysts net-1 per month) at 5 m depth and in mussels (maximum of 16 cysts g-1 of digestive gland) near Vergara Island. The potential of these vectors to serve as inoculum sources and the implications of our findings for A. catenella population dynamics are discussed.
Subject(s)
Dinoflagellida , Harmful Algal Bloom , Animals , Chile , EstuariesABSTRACT
Se presenta un caso confirmado de sindrome nefrotico, atendido en el Hospital Universitario Metropolitano de Barranquilla, servicio de Pediatria, el cual fue tratado con Albumina Hummana, diureticos y Prednisona durante tres semanas, el cual se quiere dejar como ejemplo del probable incremente de la incidencia del Sindrome Nefrotico, para alertar al cuerpo medico de la necesidad de buscar esta enfermedad. especialmente en ninos entre 1 y 6 anos
