ABSTRACT
Parecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, is used to improve analgesia in postoperative procedures. Here we evaluated whether pretreatment with a single dose of parecoxib affects the function, cell injury, and inflammatory response of the kidney of rats subjected to acute hemorrhage. Inflammatory response was determined according to serum and renal tissue cytokine levels (IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α). Forty-four adult Wistar rats anesthetized with sevoflurane were randomized into four groups: placebo/no hemorrhage (Plc/NH); parecoxib/no hemorrhage (Pcx/NH); placebo/hemorrhage (Plc/H); and parecoxib/hemorrhage (Pcx/H). Pcx groups received a single dose of intravenous parecoxib while Plc groups received a single dose of placebo (isotonic saline). Animals in hemorrhage groups underwent bleeding of 30% of blood volume. Renal function and renal histology were then evaluated. Plc/H showed the highest serum levels of cytokines, suggesting that pretreatment with parecoxib reduced the inflammatory response in rats subjected to hemorrhage. No difference in tissue cytokine levels between groups was observed. Plc/H showed higher percentage of tubular dilation and degeneration, indicating that parecoxib inhibited tubular injury resulting from renal hypoperfusion. Our findings indicate that pretreatment with a single dose of parecoxib reduced the inflammatory response and tubular renal injury without altering renal function in rats undergoing acute hemorrhage.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify characteristics related to smoking in hospitalized patients and to assess the knowledge that such patients have regarding the relationship between nicotine dependence and smoking-related diseases. METHODS: The study included 186 patients (males, 59%; mean age, 51.3 +/- 16.8 years) who were evaluated regarding demographic characteristics, diagnosis at admission, smoking history and passive smoke exposure. All of the patients completed a questionnaire regarding their knowledge of the relationship between smoking and disease. RESULTS: Of the 186 patients, 42 (22.6%) were smokers, 64 (34.4%) were former smokers and 80 (43%) stated they were never smokers; 136 (73%) reported passive smoke exposure. In the sample as a whole, 21.5% of the patients were diagnosed with a smoking-related disease at admission, compared with 39% of those who were smokers or former smokers. The proportion of individuals who were unaware of the relationship between smoking and the cause of hospitalization was similar among current smokers and former smokers (56% and 65%, respectively). Only 19% of the current smokers believed that smoking might have affected their health, compared with 32% of the former smokers (p = 0.22). The proportion of individuals who believed that quitting smoking depends on willpower was significantly higher among former smokers and never smokers than among current smokers (64% and 53%, respectively, vs. 24%; p < 0.001 and p = 0.008). Although 96% of the patients believed that smoking causes dependence, only 60% identified smoking as a disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the disconnect between the recognition of smoking as a cause of dependence and the recognition of smoking as a disease, as well as the general lack of awareness that former and current smoking constitute a risk factor for the development and progression of disease.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Smoking/psychology , Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Humans , Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects , Inhalation Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Use Disorder/etiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Determinar características relacionadas ao tabagismo e avaliar o conhecimento sobre a relação entre dependência nicotínica e doenças relacionadas ao tabaco em pacientes internados. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados em 186 pacientes (59 por cento de homens; média de idade = 51,3 ± 16,8 anos) internados em um hospital público quanto a características demográficas, diagnóstico de internação, história tabágica e tabagismo passivo. Todos os pacientes responderam um questionário sobre o conhecimento da relação tabagismo/doença. RESULTADOS: Dos 186 pacientes, 42 (22,6 por cento) eram fumantes, 64 (34,4 por cento) eram ex-tabagistas e 80 (43 por cento) referiam nunca ter fumado; 136 (73 por cento) referiam exposição passiva ao fumo. O diagnóstico de admissão foi o de doença possivelmente relacionada ao tabaco em 21,5 por cento dos pacientes e em 39 por cento dos fumantes ativos e ex-fumantes. A proporção de fumantes e ex-fumantes que não conheciam a associação entre o tabagismo e a causa de internação foi similar (56 por cento vs. 65 por cento). Apenas 19 por cento dos fumantes e 32 por cento dos ex-fumantes acreditavam que o tabagismo tivesse afetado sua saúde (p = 0,22). A proporção de ex-fumantes e de não fumantes que acreditavam que parar de fumar é uma questão de vontade foi significativamente maior que aquela de fumantes ativos (64 por cento e 53 por cento, respectivamente, vs. 24 por cento; p < 0,001 e p = 0,008). Embora 96 por cento dos pacientes acreditassem que o tabagismo cause dependência, apenas 60 por cento identificavam o tabagismo como uma doença. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo mostra a contradição entre o reconhecimento do tabagismo como causa de dependência e o reconhecimento do tabagismo como uma doença, além do desconhecimento de que o tabagismo atual e pregresso é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento e a evolução de doenças.
OBJECTIVE: To identify characteristics related to smoking in hospitalized patients and to assess the knowledge that such patients have regarding the relationship between nicotine dependence and smoking-related diseases. METHODS: The study included 186 patients (males, 59 percent; mean age, 51.3 ± 16.8 years) who were evaluated regarding demographic characteristics, diagnosis at admission, smoking history and passive smoke exposure. All of the patients completed a questionnaire regarding their knowledge of the relationship between smoking and disease. RESULTS: Of the 186 patients, 42 (22.6 percent) were smokers, 64 (34.4 percent) were former smokers and 80 (43 percent) stated they were never smokers; 136 (73 percent) reported passive smoke exposure. In the sample as a whole, 21.5 percent of the patients were diagnosed with a smoking-related disease at admission, compared with 39 percent of those who were smokers or former smokers. The proportion of individuals who were unaware of the relationship between smoking and the cause of hospitalization was similar among current smokers and former smokers (56 percent and 65 percent, respectively). Only 19 percent of the current smokers believed that smoking might have affected their health, compared with 32 percent of the former smokers (p = 0.22). The proportion of individuals who believed that quitting smoking depends on willpower was significantly higher among former smokers and never smokers than among current smokers (64 percent and 53 percent, respectively, vs. 24 percent; p < 0.001 and p = 0.008). Although 96 percent of the patients believed that smoking causes dependence, only 60 percent identified smoking as a disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the disconnect between the recognition of smoking as a cause of dependence and the recognition of smoking as a disease, as well as the general lack of awareness that former and current smoking constitute a risk factor for the development and ...
