ABSTRACT
Renal dialysis and transplantation have been used for many years for adults with kidney failure but only recently for children. In May 1967 a renal-dialysis-transplantation program was established at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto for patients aged 6 to 18 years living within 240 km of Toronto. In 1973, children aged 1 to 5 years began to be accepted into the program, and by August 1977, 90 children (mean age 11 years) from all parts of Canada had been admitted to the program. The creation of vascular access in very small patients is difficult; the most successful types of access have been central shunts (established above the knee or the elbow) and bovine grafts. Specially made dialysis equipment is necessary for young patients. Young children should only be accepted in a dialysis-transplantation program that has a medical staff expert in meeting the specific needs of such children.
