ABSTRACT
Conidiobolomycosis is a tropical rhinofacial subcutaneous mycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus. It is characterized histopathologically by the presence of hyphae surrounded by an eosinophilic halo, the so-called Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. There is no standard treatment, but itraconazole is an effective option.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Itraconazole/therapeutic use , Nose Diseases/drug therapy , Zygomycosis/drug therapy , Conidiobolus/isolation & purification , Diagnosis, Differential , Face , Female , Humans , Hyphae , Male , Nose , Nose Diseases/pathology , Zygomycosis/pathologyABSTRACT
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic, subcutaneous mycosis, characterized by verrucous nodular lesions, usually involving the legs and mainly caused by Fonsecaea, Phialophora, and Cladophialophora spp. The characteristic finding on direct examination or biopsy specimen is the presence of fumagoid cells or Medlar bodies. Chromoblastomycosis can be refractory to medical treatment. Therapeutic options include oral itraconazole, terbinafine, or 5-fluocytosine, alone or combined with surgery or cryosurgery.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Ascomycota/isolation & purification , Chromoblastomycosis/drug therapy , Cryosurgery/methods , Mitosporic Fungi/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Adult , Chromoblastomycosis/pathology , Chromoblastomycosis/surgery , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Fluconazole/therapeutic use , Humans , Itraconazole/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Naphthalenes/therapeutic use , Terbinafine , Young AdultABSTRACT
Phaeohyphomycosis designates fungal infections caused by pheoid or melanized fungi and characterized histopathologically by the presence of septate hyphae, pseudohyphae, and yeasts. Etiologic agents include Exophiala, Phoma, Bipolaris, Phialophora, Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Alternaria, Exserohilum, and Phialemonium sp. The most common are Exophiala jeanselmei and Wangiella dermatitidis. The clinical presentation depends on the immune status of the host: superficial (tinea nigra and black piedra); cutaneous (scytalidiosis) and corneal; subcutaneous (mycotic cyst); and systemic phaeohyphomycosis in the immunocompromised host. The mycotic cyst is a localized form, characterized by subcutaneous asymptomatic nodular lesions that develop after traumatic implantation of fungi, especially on the extremities. The average size of the cysts is 2.5 cm. KOH examination reveals pigmented yeasts, pseudohyphae, and hyphae. A cutaneous biopsy specimen usually shows an abscess or a suppurative granuloma with pigmented yeasts and pseudohyphae. The treatment of choice is surgical excision, but additional anti-fungal therapy is recommended for recurrent cases and immunocompromised patients.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Mitosporic Fungi/isolation & purification , Phaeohyphomycosis/drug therapy , Subcutaneous Tissue/microbiology , Biopsy , Cysts , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Hyphae/isolation & purification , Immunocompromised Host , Phaeohyphomycosis/diagnosis , Phaeohyphomycosis/etiologyABSTRACT
Inflammatory tinea capitis is the result of a hypersensitivity reaction to a dermatophytic infection. The usual forms are favus, kerion celsi, dermatophytic Majocchi granuloma, and mycetoma. Inflammatory tinea capitis can be caused by Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T tonsurans, T rubrum, and M gypseum. Histopathologic findings include a spectrum from mild suppurative folliculitis to dense granulomatous infiltrates. In mycetoma, grains must be present.
