Daily use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is less frequent in patients with Barrett's oesophagus who develop an oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use may protect against development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. AIM: To define the consequences of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use in patients with Barrett's oesophagus. METHODS: Records of all Barrett's oesophagus/oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients examined in Blackpool-Wyre-Fylde area were reviewed. All surviving patients completed validated questionnaires. RESULTS: Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs of any type and at any frequency was more prevalent in Barrett's oesophagus patients [147 (38%) Barrett's oesophagus vs. 30 (26%) oesophageal adenocarcinoma, P = 0.02]. Daily use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was more prevalent in Barrett's oesophagus patients [88 (23%) Barrett's oesophagus vs. 14 (12%) oesophageal adenocarcinoma, P = 0.02], due to more prevalent consumption of non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [48 (13%) Barrett's oesophagus vs. four (4%) oesophageal adenocarcinoma, P = 0.009]. There was no difference between the two groups in usage of either daily low-dose aspirin or of occasional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In logistic regression analysis any use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [odds ratio (OR) = 0571 (95% CI: 0.359-0.909), P = 0.018] and daily use of non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [OR = 0.297 (95% CI: 0.097-0.911), P = 0.034] were significant protective factors. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use did not affect the survival of oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett's oesophagus consuming non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs did not differ in upper gastrointestinal bleeding [26 (15%) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs consumers vs. 29 (9%) non-consumers, P = 0.08], oesophageal ulcers [31 (18%) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug consumers vs. 49 (15%) non-consumers, P = 0.43] or stricturing [19 (11%) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug consumers vs. 41 (13%) non-consumers, P = 0.58]. CONCLUSIONS: (i) Daily use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is more prevalent in Barrett's oesophagus than oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients, because of a more prevalent use of non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (ii) Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Barrett's oesophagus patients is safe if acid suppression is adequate.

Are metal stents effective for palliation of malignant dysphagia and fistulas?

BACKGROUND: One of the available treatments for unresectable oesophagogastric malignancies is the insertion of metal stents. AIMS: We evaluated prospectively 147 patients suffering from malignant dysphagia and/or fistula, after inserting a self-expandable metal stent. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 147 patients (87 males, mean age 73 years). Dysphagia before and after stent placement was scored. Patients were divided in two groups according to dysphagia grade: group A (grade 0, 1) and group B (grades 2, 3, 4). Three types of stents were used: the Ultraflex stent (covered and uncovered) and the Flamingo one (covered). The total number of self-expandable metal stents placed was 183. A total of 92 of them were inserted following the combined endoscopic and fluoroscopic approach (42 by injecting lipiodol), while 91 were placed under endoscopic control only. Early and late complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean dysphagia score in group A, 1 day and 1 month after the procedure, was slightly reduced from 0.8 to 0.5/0.6 (p=NS), respectively. However, there was a statistically significant improvement (p<0.001) of mean dysphagia score in group B, from 2.4 initially to 1.1/1.4. Early complications occurred in 37 cases, late ones in 51. According to severity, minor complications occurred in 24 patients, major in 42, while life-threatening ones in 22. Survival ranged from 1 to 611 days and 1-week mortality was 9%. Stent-related death occurred in six patients. CONCLUSIONS: All kinds of endoscopic methods used for stenting in the present study were easy to perform even on an out-patient basis. Insertion of self-expandable metal stents is effective in patients with dysphagia scores > or = 2. It might not clinically improve patients with dysphagia score <2, so selection of patients for stenting is essential to avoid unnecessary procedures. Moreover, their high cost, high complication rates and low overall survival may improve following better selection criteria.