[IMMUNOMORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BACTERIAL SENSITIZATION IN THE EXPERIMENT].

This study investigates the morphological structure of lungs, liver and kidneys of the experimental animals. To reproduce the inflammation in maxilla-facial region under the periosteum of guinea pigs' mandible a suspension of S.aureus was inoculated. The infected site was exposed by a constant electric current of positive polarity of 5-10 µA strength. Allergotests were used to determine the level of sensitization. Structural changes in the organs were determined by microscopic examination. The results of the study showed that as the contact with the antigen increased, the number of positive allergic tests also increased. Histologically, a generalized damage to the microstructure of the internal organs, depending on the degree of bacterial sensitization of the animals was observed.

[The two-phase growth medium for sub-culturing of Helicobacter pylori].

A. Pylori is a very undemanding microorganism needing the in support of complex of conditions including particular atmosphere, temperature of culturing and composition of growth medium. The two-phase growth medium is recommended to sub-culturing in Petri dishes with diameter of 90 mm. The growth medium consists of chocolate agar with addition of Schedler broth and enriched with 10% serum of cattle.

[Gastrointestinal giardiasis associated with Helicobacter pylori].

The study involved 160 patients with chronic cholecystitis associated with chronic gastroduodenitis. Obtaining biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa and bile samples allowed to compare the microbial picture and the morphological structure of gastric mucosa in the same patient, to identify patterns of colonization of the stomach, 12 duodenal ulcer and gall bladder various microorganisms. At cytological examination was detected in the gall bladder G. lamblia in 47.5 +/- 3.95% of cases in the stomach--in 29.09 +/- 6.12% of cases. The frequency of H. pylori detection in biopsy of gastric mucosa amounted to 98.18 +/- 1.8% of cases, in 12-duodenum--93.75 +/- 1.9%, in the gall bladder--to 54.38 +/- 3.94%, in the bile duct--in 54.38 +/- 3.94%. It was found strict association between the detection of H. pylori and G. lamblia in the stomach--100% of H. pylori-infection combined with giardiasis. Morphological changes of gastric mucosa in the form of lymphoid infiltration detected mainly in the mixed-infection H. pylori and G. lamblia.

[Domestic chromogenic medium for isolation of Helicobacter pylori].

The aim of the investigation was to design a differentially diagnostic selective medium for accelerated isolation and identification of H. pylori, by using with erythrite-serum agar with urea and amphotericin (ESAM). The developed nutrient medium and three control ones: blood agar (BA), blood agar with amphotericin B at a concentration of 2 microg/ml (BAA) and erythrite-blood agar with urea and amphotericin (EBAA) were comparatively studied on 12 freshly isolated H. pylori and 15 biopsy specimens from patients with various gastroduodenal diseases. P. vulgaris 019 (a positive control) and E. coli 657 (a negative control) were used as a control of urease activity. ESAM was shown to isolate H. pylori from the biopsy specimens in 80% of cases. The investigations have indicated that the proposed medium isolates H. pylori at the level of control media and accelerates identification with the preservation of the major biological properties of the microorganism. Thus, erythrite-serum agar with urea may be recommended for use at practical laboratories for the diagnosis of H. pylori-associated infection diseases.

[Cationic Blue O staining for the cytological detection of Helicobacter pylori].

This investigation was undertaken to study whether cationic blue O staining might be used to improve the cytological diagnosis of H. pylori infection at gastric and extragastric sites. One hundred and sixty-four patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the stomach and gallbladder were examined with cytological and molecular studies. Impression smears from the gastric mucosa and bile portions A, B, and C were studied. The stain proposed by the authors ensures a high efficiency in detecting H. pylori in different biological materials (gastric biopsy specimens, bile) with the determination of the degree of contamination makes it possible to evaluate the morphological changes in the gastric mucosa and bile epithelium. The detection results of smear H. pylori correlated with those of DNA in this microorganism, by using the polymerase chain reaction. The proposed cytological study may be recommended for both the primary diagnosis of H. pylori infection in patients with diseases of the stomach, duodenum, and gallbladder and the monitoring eradication therapy and its deserves extensive use by cytological laboratories.

[Helicobacter pylori in patients with disorders of hepatobiliary system].

AIM: Detection of H. pylori in gastric mucosa, bile-excreting ducts, livertissue, and bile of patients with different disorders hepatobiliary system (HBS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-six patients (52 females and 24 males) with following diagnoses: chronic noncalculous cholecystitis (25 patients), gallstone disease (28), liver cirrhosis (12), ischemic heart disease (control group, n = 11), admitted to hospitals in Kazan and Zelenodolsk (Republic of Tatarstan), were examined. Mean age of the patients was 56.5 years. Samples of bile as well as tissues of liver, bile ducts and gastric mucosa were used as materials for tests. Polymerase chain reaction and culture method were used for H. pylori detection. RESULTS: Analysis of obtained results showed association of clinical diagnosis and presence of H. pylori DNA in bile ducts mucosal epithelium. H. pylori was significantly more frequently detected in epithelium of bile ducts mucosa (66.7 +/- 13.6%) and bile(56 +/- 9.9%) than in liver tissue (33.3 +/- 13.6%) (p < 0.05). Rate of H. pylori detection in gastric mucosa (83.3 +/- 10.8% in patients with liver cirrhosis) correlated with its detection rate in bile ducts mucosa (66.7 +/- 13.6%). In the control group of 11 patients with ischemic heart disease H. pylori was not detected. In 16 samples of liver, bile ducts, and gastric tissues CagA-negative phenotype was observed. CONCLUSION: Presence of H. pylori in liver, bile ducts and bile could point to possible role of its microorganism in pathogenesis of hepatobiliary diseases.

[Energy levels and ion wave functions in gramicidin channels]. / Urovni énergii i volnovye funktsii iona v gramitsidinovykh kanalakh.

A model study of the motion of Na+ ions in the cavity of membrane gramicidin channels was performed by the methods of quantum mechanics. An approximation of the distribution of the electrostatic potential along the channel axis, determined by charges on the atoms of the gramicidin A molecule, was obtained. The energy distribution and the wave functions for the stationary states of the ions were determined. The solutions of the Schrödinger equation for two conformers were compared.

[Interaction of local anesthetics with model ion channels]. / Vzaimodeistvie mestnykh anestetikov s model'nymi ionnymi kanalami.

A theoretical study of intermolecular interactions between local anesthetics of the acetanilide series and model ionic channels was performed. A dimer of gramicidine A and melittin were used as models of ionic channels. The geometry of molecules was determined by the method of molecular mechanics. Statistically significant correlation equations were derived, which relate the indices of local anesthetizing activity to the characteristics of intermolecular interactions in the anesthetic-peptide system. A comparative analysis of intermolecular interactions in anesthetic-gramicidine A and anesthetic-melittin systems was carried out.

[HIV infection in children perinatally infected]. / VICh-infektsiia u detei s perinatal'nym infitsirovaniem.

During the period from 1987 to the middle of 1996 only 20 children were born of HIV-infected women, while during the following 1.5 years the number of such children were 59, the maximum number of seropositive children being registered in Kaliningrad and the Kaliningrad region, in the Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol and Nizhny Novgorod (altogether 46 children). Out of 79 children born of HIV-infected mothers during the whole period of the epidemic, 8 children died. Out of the children born before 1995 who remained alive, 9 children were struck off the register after 3 years of observation due to the absence of HIV infection. By the end of 1997 63 children were registered, the majority of them born in 1996-1997.

[Controversial aspects of verification and classification of thyroid tumors]. / Nekotorye spornye voprosy verifikatsii i klassifikatsii opykhlei shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

20-year experience in the intraoperative study of more than 3000 goiters led the authors to the conclusion that the most correct verification of the pathologic process may be performed only by means of intraoperative stereomorphological and histotopographic examination of the biopsy. In case of nodular hyperplasia of follicular and macropapillary structures the most adequate term is adenomatous goiter. The term borderline thyroid tumor is also suggested although it needs further discussion by both clinicians and morphologists.

[Mathematical modeling of the interaction of local anesthetics with the surface of nerve fiber biomembranes]. / Matematicheskoe modelirovanie vzaimodeistviia lokal'nykh anestetikov spoverkhnost'iu biomembrany nervnogo volokna.

Theoretical analysis and mathematical modelling of conductor anesthesia has been performed. It has been established that mathematical models explicity taking into account the form and the size of molecules (through molar volumes) and the energy of intermolecular interaction with biomembrane surface of a nerve fiber (through normal boiling temperatures) are the most close to electrophysiology data obtained by measuring of minimal blocking concentrations of anesthetics in inter- or intracell solutions, causing complete isolation of a pain spike in the fiber. Computation based on an improved additive systematics produced physical-chemical descriptors for construction of mathematical models. The determined parameters conform to experimental data in crucial features molar volumes and normal boiling temperatures for analyzed compounds. Predictions possibilities and restrictions of suggested approach for search for new effective anesthetics and structures with higher indices of biological activity has been analyzed.

[Estradiol-binding properties of a sheep haptoglobin complex with hemoglobin. II. Preliminary data on quantitative characteristics of interaction]. / Estradiolsviazyvaiushchie svoistva kompleksa gaptoglobina ovtsy s gemoglobinom. II. Predvaritel'nye dannye po kolichestvennoi kharakteristike vzaimodeistviia.

The estradiol-binding properties of the sheep haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex (Hp-Hb) have been studied. The time and temperature dependencies of the steroid binding have been established the tightly bound 17 beta-estradiol, which is not detached from the complex during precipitation or extraction, has been shown to form a part of the total amount of the steroid capable of bending to Hp-Hb. Disturbances in the protein-protein interactions between Hp and Hb lead to the dissociation of estradiol as well as to the loss by the protein of its estradiol-binding activity. The values of relative competitive activity for several steroids suggest that some structural elements of the 17 beta-estradiol molecule play a role in estradiol-protein interactions. It is assumed that the Hp-Hb complex has two or more 17 beta-estradiol binding sites.

[The regulation of respiration under the conditions of the altered density of a gaseous environment during muscular work]. / Reguliatsiia dykhaniia v usloviiakh izmenenoi plotnosti gazovoi sredy pri myshechnoi rabote.

In 10 young healthy subjects, both at resting and in muscular work, the substitution of air by a helium-oxygen mixture reduced the central inspiratory drive, the work of breathing, and electrical activity of inspiratory muscles, whereas the inhalation of elegas-oxygen mixture led to obvious opposite effects: the effort for even the least maximal inspiratory flow increased in the same lung ventilation as when breathing air and in constant chemoreceptor stimulus; the central inspiratory activity increased nearly three-fold. The mechanism of the load compensation and of the respiratory system's load seems to be mediated mainly through the afferents from the respiratory muscles' proprioreceptors.

[17 Beta-estradiol interaction with haptoglobin and its complex with hemoglobin]. / Issledovanie vzaimodeistviia 17 beta-éstradiola s gaptoglobinom i egokompleksom s gemoglobinom.

The estradiol-binding capacity of sheep haptoglobin and its complex with hemoglobin was investigated. It was shown that in the presence of H2O2 the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex tightly binds 17 beta-estradiol. No dissociation of the estradiol-protein complex occurs after its precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and steroid extraction with the ester. It is supposed that the 17 beta-estradiol is bound to the protein by covalent bonds; this binding is characteristic only of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex but not of haptoglobin alone.